ERTH 2415 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Nevado Del Ruiz, Cumbre Vieja, Kīlauea
27 Mar 2018
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Lecture 11: active volcanism on earth and volcanic. Hazards: 20% of population lives near a volcano. Kilauea volcano: typical eruption, halemaumau crater, an atypical explosive eruption, halemaumau 1924; lava lake level dropped, allowed groundwater into lak, first explosive eruption since 1924 now! New lava lake: lava level varies as magma rises beneath crater, then moves east down rift zone, volcanoes unstable: faults, slumps, landslides. La palma, canary islands: 1949 eruption opened 2km long fracture along cumbre vieja, west side sluimped few metres towards sea. Cinder cones: craters of the moon, idaho, lava flows, cinders, bombs, blocks, lava covers 10 square miles, 4 towns destroyed. Composite cones: lava flows, pyroclastic flows: fast-moving cloud of hot gas, ash, magma (pumice) and rock fragments, ash/pumice falls, bombs, blocks, volcanic gases, landslides, lahars, earthquakes, 1902: pyroclastic flow from mt. Airport closures: jet stream over iceland, consistently se, high ash cloud due to lava-ice interaction.
