LAWS 3904 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Rwandan Genocide, Edwin Sutherland, Involuntary Servitude
21 Apr 2016
School
Department
Course
Professor
Corporate and White Collar Victims and State Victims
Concepts
- State Victimization
most often defined as a state act or omission where people are being
harmed. It is a violation of a specific trust or duty between states or its
citizens. State crime is organizational in nature where the motivation is
specifically related to larger structural or cultural goals and objectives or its
agencies.
- Zemiology
mostly concerned with social harms (harms between people, people and the
state) ex. Existential stability that we get in Canada vs. genocide
- Deviance-based
1. Social audiences accept some rule or standard as legitimate
2. Audiences maintain that a rule or standard has been violated
3. Significant negative social reactions or sanctions are evident as a result of
the transgression
- State Crimes of Ommission
ex. Government failures in Hurricane Katrina can be viewed as a state
omission. While crimes can be viewed as harmful acts they can also be
defined as harmful failures to act.
Kauzlarich (2003): State crimes are when the state disregards unsafe and
dangerous conditions when it has a clear mandate and responsibility to make
a situation or context safe.
When the state fails to protect and harms become to me this is a breaking of
the social contract
Friedrichs (2004): State crimes of omission are when the state fails to
prevent a loss of human life, suffering, and deprivation that is in its power to
prevent.
State negligence is often revealed in times of natural disasters
Americans believe that the US gov has not done enough to protect and aid
those subjected to hurricane Katrina. 60% of African Americans blamed race
for the failure to act. 63% of white respondents said that class was to blame.
80% of people were affected were African American. Black neighborhoods
were disproportionately affected by the storm.
- Environmental Racism
Not only are poor and people of colour more likely to be affected but in the
cases of crimes we get less of a severe response when those people are
affected
- International Victimization
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Powers of the state are deployed or deliberately used to suppress or
systematically eliminate members of a distinct ethnic, religious, national or
political group
What is it about the state and the victims that makes some kinds of groups
targets of the most severe kinds of oppression and violence?
Genocide vs. Politicide
Even referring to or thinking about starting points is often problematic
Genocide the victimized groups are primarily defined by communal
characteristics
Politicide groups are defined primarily by a hierarchical position or political
opposition to the dominant regime
Politicide: when governing authorities choose to respond to political
challenges by killing as many members of the group as is necessary to
shatter there capacity to persist and act as a collectivity
In some cases governments simply neglect to protect minorities that are
attacked
International Victimization – Crimes Against Humanity
Genocide
Any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in
part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, such as: killing members of
the group, causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about
its destruction in whole or in part; imposing measures intended to prevent
births within the group; forcibly transferring children of the group to another
group
UN Convention Prohibits killing members of a group and deliberately
inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to destroy
Holocaust – number of nations came together to deal with and punish
genocide
Crime under IL whether committed in a time or peace or in war
Often marred with refugees fleeing and forced into poverty, rape of women
Human Trafficking
Sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or
coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act has not
attained 18 years of age
The recruitment, harbouring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a
person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for
the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt, bondage,
or slavery
No ability to free themselves
Worst forms of human trafficking is when children are trafficked in the
commercial sex trade
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Corporate and white collar victims and state victims. State victimization most often defined as a state act or omission where people are being harmed. It is a violation of a specific trust or duty between states or its citizens. State crime is organizational in nature where the motivation is specifically related to larger structural or cultural goals and objectives or its agencies. Zemiology mostly concerned with social harms (harms between people, people and the state) ex. Existential stability that we get in canada vs. genocide. Deviance-based: social audiences accept some rule or standard as legitimate, audiences maintain that a rule or standard has been violated, significant negative social reactions or sanctions are evident as a result of the transgression. Government failures in hurricane katrina can be viewed as a state omission. While crimes can be viewed as harmful acts they can also be defined as harmful failures to act.
