PHIL 1301 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Begging, Modus Ponens, Modus Tollens

• School: Carleton University
• Department: Philosophy
• Course: PHIL 1301
• Professor: karinavold

Document Summary

Philosophical methodology: philosophers use arguments to persuade others or to present reasons for accepting a conclusion, split into premises and conclusion. Inductive argument: cannot guarantee the truth of the conclusion. U(cid:374) has rise(cid:374) e(cid:448)er(cid:455) (cid:373)or(cid:374)i(cid:374)g i"(cid:448)e (cid:271)ee(cid:374) ali(cid:448)e. Fallacy: affirming the consequent (p1) if joh(cid:374) is at the part(cid:455), e(cid:373)il(cid:455) (cid:449)o(cid:374)"t (cid:271)e (p2) john is not at the party (c) emily will be at the party. Fallacy: denying the antecedent (p1) either she took the train or she drove here (p2) she did not take the train (c) so, she must have driven. Syllogism (p1) all fs are gs (p2) s is an f (c) s is g. Modus ponens (p1) p q (p2) if p (c) then q. Modus tollens (p1) p q (p2) if q (c) then p. Disjunctive syllogism (p1) p or q (p2) not p (c) therefore q (p1) p or q (p2) not q (c) therefore p: validity and soundness.