FINA 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Annual Percentage Rate, Compound Interest, Interest

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violetclam333

15 Mar 2018

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Interest: the rent charged for the use of money. : annual interest rate expressed as a decimal. Simple interest: interest on a loan computed as a percentage of the loan amount, or principal. Ex: farah makes a deposit of in a high-interest savings account paying 3% interest annually. At the end of year one, the bank will credit farah"s chequing account with . (cid:885)(cid:882)=(cid:883)(cid:882)(cid:882)(cid:882) . (cid:882)(cid:885) (cid:883) In year two, the initial principal of will again earn in interest. This amount will also be credited to farah"s chequing account. The money in your account earns interest, but the interest itself also earns interest. Time value of money (tvm): a powerful principle that can be used to explain how money grows over time. Most commonly applied to two types of cash flows: a single dollar amount and an annuity.

Related Questions

(1)

It took her 9 more months but Marina has managed to save thefull $725 plus more to cover fees to pay off the pay-day loancompany. However, she forgot to account for the interest that hadbeen compounding over time. Consider it is now 275 days later, theremaining loan was $725 and the APR is 47% compoundeddaily.

What is the total amount that Marina must now pay in order topay off her the loan, accounting for interest?

What is the total amount of interest paid (not includingfees)?

(2)

Tony is saving up to go traveling after graduation. How muchwill he have if he can put $100 at the beginning of every month,for the full four years he is in school, into his high-interestsavings account which earns 1.95% interest?

How much interest will be earned?

(3)

Anna also wants to travel after graduation but she isnât workingwhile in school so she wonât be able to put money aside regularly.However, her grandmother gave her the generous gift of $2500 forher birthday and suggested she invest it in a GIC because itâs lowrisk. She shopped around and found a 4 year GIC investment thatearns 2.8% interest annually.

How much will Anna have at the end of her four yearinvestment?

How much interest will be earned?

How much interest will be earned due to compounding*?

*calculate simple interest using the simple interest formula,then compare to the total interest earned to discover the impact ofcompounding the interest

mauvedog224

Problem 1: $3,000 is invested at 7.2% interest. Find the total amount (A) at the end of 5 years if:
a.) Simple interest is earned. (see the "Simple Interest Example" tab)
b.) Interest is compounded annually (see the "Compound Interest Illustration" tab)
c.) Interest is compounded quarterly (see the "Other Compounding Periods" tab)
d.) Interest is compounded monthly (see the "Other Compounding Periods" tab)
Problem 2: A department store charges 12% interest on the unpaid balance of customer charge accounts.
A customer owes $135, and the bill goes unpaid for 4 months. How much will the customer have to
repay after 4 months? Interest is compounded monthly (note that the 12% is an annual rate). (see the "Other Compounding Periods" tab)
Problem 3: A typical family of four spends approximately $600 per month for food. Food costs are
predicted to rise by 4.8% per year for the next 5 years. In five years, how much should
the family budget per month for food? Treat this as compound annual growth. (see the "Compound Interest Illustration" tab)
(assume annual compounding)
Problem 4a: A couple plans to begin saving money for a down payment toward the purchase of a home.
They plan to purchase a home 4 years from now. Right now, home prices are predicted
to rise by 5% per year for the next 5 years. If this prediction is accurate, how much
can this couple expect to pay in 4 years for a home that is currently valued at $210,000?
(what will be the total sales price in 4 years of a home worth $210,000 today?) (see the "Compound Interest Illustration" tab)
Problem 4b: The couple wants to have a 20% down payment on the purchase price in 4 years. Suppose they
have found a mutual fund that earns an average of 8% per year. How much should they invest in the
mutual fund today in order to have enough for a down payment in 4 years?
Assume annual compounding.
(Find the down payment first - that will be their "A" or future value of what they will invest)
(see the "Other Problem Types" tab - we are trying to find the principal or present value to be invested to grow to the down payment amount)
Problem 5: An electric company predicts that the cost of electricity will rise at the rate of 2% per
year for the next ten years. If the average monthly electricity for consumers in this area
is $225, predict the monthly amount that consumers can expect to pay 10 years from now.
(see the "Compound Interest Illustration" tab)

sangriabeetle691

Assume that you are nearing graduation and that you have appliedfor a job with a local bank. As part of the bankâs evaluationprocess, you have been asked to take an examination that coversseveral financial analysis techniques. The first section of thetest addresses time value of money analysis. See how you would doby answering the following questions:

a. Drawcash flow time lines for (1) a $100 lump-sum cash flow at the endof Year 2, (2) an ordinary annuity of $100 per year for threeyears, (3) an uneven cash flow stream of $50, $100, $75, and $50 atthe end of Years 0 through 3.

b. (1)What is the future value of an initial $100 after three years if itis invested in an account paying 10%annual interest?

(2) What is the present value of $100 to bereceived in three years if the appropriate interest rate is10%?

c. Wesometimes need to find how long it will take a sum of money (oranything else) to grow to some specified amount. For example, if acompanyâs sales are growing at a rate of 20%per year, approximatelyhow long will it take sales to triple?

d. Whatis the difference between an ordinary annuity and an annuity due?What type of annuity is shown in the following cash flow time line?How would you change it to the other type of annuity?

0 1 2 3

100 100 100

e. (1)What is the future value of a 3-year ordinary annuity of $100 ifthe appropriate interest rate is 10%?

(2) What is the present value of the annuity?

(3) What would the future and present values be ifthe annuity were an annuity due?

f. What is the present value of the following uneven cash flow stream?The appropriate interest rate is 10%, compounded annually.

0 1 2 3 4

100 300 300 150

g. Whatannual interest rate will cause $100 to grow to $125.97 in 3years?

h. (1)Will the future value be larger or smaller if we compound aninitial amount more often than annuallyâfor example, every 6months, or semiannuallyâholding the stated interest rateconstant? Why?

(2) Define the stated, or quoted, or simple, rate,(r_SIMPLE), annual percentage rate (APR), the periodicrate (r_PER), and the effective annual rate(r_EAR).

(3) What is the effective annual rate for a simplerate of 10%, compounded semiannually? Compounded quarterly?Compounded daily?

(4) What is the future value of $100 after threeyears under 10%semiannual compounding? Quarterly compounding?

i. Will the effective annual rate ever be equal to the simple (quoted)rate? Explain.

j. (1) What is the value at the end of Year 3 of thefollowing cash flow stream if the quoted interest rate is 10%,compounded semiannually?

0 1 2 3

100 100 100

(2) What is the PV of the same stream?

(3) Is the stream an annuity?

(4) An important rule is that you should nevershow a simple rate on a time line or use it in calculations unlesswhat condition holds? (Hint: Think of annual compounding,when r_SIMPLE = r_EAR = r_PER.) Whatwould be wrong with your answer to parts (1) and (2) if you usedthe simple rate 10%rather than the periodic rater_SIMPLE/2 = 10%/2 = 5%?

k. (1)Construct an amortization schedule for a $1,000 loan that has a10%annual interest rate that is repaid in three equalinstallments.

(2) What is the annual interest expense for theborrower, and the annual interest income for the lender, duringYear 2?

l. Suppose on January 1 you deposit $100 in an account that pays asimple, or quoted, interest rate of 11.33463%, with interest added(compounded) daily. How much will you have in your account onOctober 1, or after 9 months?

m. Now suppose youleave your money in the bank for 21 months. Thus, on January 1 youdeposit $100 in an account that pays a 11.33463%compounded daily.How much will be in your account on October 1 of the followingyear?

n. Suppose someone offered to sell you a note that calls for a $1,000payment 15 months from today. The person offers to sell the notefor $850. You have $850 in a bank time deposit (savings instrument)that pays a 6.76649%simple rate with daily compounding, which is a7%effective annual interest rate; and you plan to leave this moneyin the bank unless you buy the note. The note is not riskyâthat is,you are sure it will be paid on schedule. Should you buy the note?Check the decision in three ways: (1) by comparing your futurevalue if you buy the note versus leaving your money in the bank,(2) by comparing the PV of the note with your current bankinvestment, and (3) by comparing the r_EAR on the notewith that of the bank investment.

o. Suppose the note discussed in part n, above, costs $850, but callsfor five quarterly payments of $190 each, with the first paymentdue in 3 months rather than $1,000 at the end of 15 months. Wouldit be a good investment?

pearsalmon693

FINA 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Annual Percentage Rate, Compound Interest, Interest

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