BIOL 2020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Protein Kinase C, Protein Kinase A, Adenylyl Cyclase
Document Summary
Cell signaling and signal transduction: communication between cells. Signal transduction - how a signal gets transmitted in a cell. Need a receptor - only talk about transmembrane receptors. Amplification of signal can cause a big reaction in the cell (cascade: activates target protein, activation of certain activities. Pathway using receptor kirosin kinase: transmembrane receptor, phosphorylation of the receptor of the itself becomes a recruiting center for certain types of proteins, activates target protein, activation of certain activities. G-protein coupled receptor is always coupled with a hetero-trimeric g-protein which is always coupled with an effector. Loops on the outside (amino group) are used to recognize the ligand - very variable. Loops on inside (carboxyl end) - less variable and used to recognize the g-protein. G-protein = alpha subunit and gamma-beta complex subunit attach to the membrane. Inactive g protein gef (guanine nucleotide-exchange factors) stimulate the dissociation of the bound gdp on the alpha subunit.