MICI 2100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Gram Staining, Crystal Violet, Tetrapeptide
1 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Nucleus: a membrane-enclosed organelle containing a cell"s primary genetic material. Chromosome: a genetic element carrying genes essential to cellular function. Plasmid: an extrachromosomal genetic element that is non-essential for growth but is useful in-terms of survival resistance to antimicrobials and is also used in recombinant dna technology and cloning. There are costs associated with a cell carrying them. Genome: the complete set of genes within an organism, including plasmids. Nucleoid: an electron-dense focus of nucleic acids within the cytoplasm of prokaryotes. Assosciated with dna binding proteins and other proteins involved in chromosome maintenance. Usually a single dsdna chromosome about 4. 5 mb (nothing compared to human 3000mb but bigger than 3-20kb of plasmids). The most accurate way to classify organisms is by rrna because it is not subject to frequent mutations and is different for different organisms. Eukaryotes seem to be closer to archea than they are to bacteria based on rrna. Similar protein translation and transcription methods to eukaryotes.
