BIOL 271 Lecture Notes - Eosinophil, Vasospasm, Neutrophil
49 views5 pages
Published on 28 Jan 2013
School
Department
Course
Professor
Chapter 10 – Blood
Blood
o Only fluid tissue
Type of tissue: connective tissue
Connective tissue cells are scattered and make their
Own matrix of collagen, elastin,
o Components of blood
Living cells – formed elements
Non-living matrix – plasma
Centrifuged Blood – formed elements and plasma
o Plasma – rises to top (volume 55%)
o Erythrocytes – RBS – bottom (volume 45%) known as hematocrit
o Buffy Coat – leukocytes and thrombocytes (<1%)
Physical Characteristics of Blood
o Colour Range:
Scarlet Red =
Dull Red =
o pH Range – homeostasis is: 7.35-7.45
o Body temp = 37
o Blood temp = 38
****Know for the test
Need to be familiar with
the numbers per mm3
o Blood volume
Adult female = 4-5L
Adult male = 5-6L
o Blood ~ 8% of body weight
Blood Plasma
o Main constituent of plasma is = water (90-92%)
o Dissolved substances – (solutions? Humoral?)
Nutrients
Salts (electrolytes) (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+
Respiratory gases
Hormones
Plasma proteins
Waste products
o Plasma Proteins
Most abundant solutes in plasma
Most made in the liver
Osmotic effect of proteins: pull water
Various plasma proteins include:
Albumin – main role is = osmosis
Clotting proteins – main role is = “plug” or clot a cut
Antibodies – main role is = made by B-Lymphocytes and are involved in
the immune system, also pull water (osmosis)
o pH range of blood is = 7.35-7.45
o Acidosis is = an increased acidity in the blood and other body tissue
o Alkalosis is = a condition reducing hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood plasma,
the body fluids have excess base
o Respiratory system and kidneys – help restore blood pH to normal
o Blood proteins and even formed elements also play a role – pick up or release H+
Formed Elements
o Erythrocytes (RBCs)
Main function is: carries oxygen by means of a chemical called hemoglobin
(“hem”=iron – Fe)
Erythrocyte anatomy
o Biconcave disks – lost the nucleus and all organelles resulting in
shape
o “Bags” of hemoglobin
o Anucleate – no nucleus therefore will die within 100-120 days
o Contain very few organelles
What’s the affect?