BIOL 1116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Extracellular Fluid, Endocrine System, Homeostasis

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23 Feb 2018

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Tinternal mmm structural adaptations enhance exchange between animals. 3 environment animals are open system exchange heat. 3 materials wl environment cellular level adapted systems of internal surfaces for exchanging materials branch folded areas surfaces system , respiratory. /9sa:vra= digestive system of tissues exchange specialized to facilitate w| environment respiratory system. 3 capillaries interstitial fluid where exchange of materials between blood. Homeostasis actively regulate internal state despite changes in environment regulated by endocrine system. 3 sends nerve impulses to counteract disruption endocrine system secretes hormones feedback loop maintains homeostasis respones to. Effector exert d response response of abing. ie?o(#ee/m::mi:oysi:os hypothalamus effector feeds tissue ( cell stimulus #. Feedback a change initiates a response that opposes the initial change. Stimulus ) prevents small changes from becoming too large stabilizes system maintaining parameters at a set point positive. Homeostasis increasing heat loss thermostat in brain activate cooling mechanisms q. Falls below set point f thermostat in brain activate warning mechanisms contract shivering generates heat.

Related Questions

1. The anatomic position refers to the position in which a person is standing upright facing the observer, feet parallel and flat on the floor, and palms facing forward.

True

False

2. The study of how gases are transferred between the lungs and blood, and between the blood and body tissues, best describes the focus of

cardiovascular physiology.

respiratory physiology.

nervous system anatomy.

reproductive anatomy.

3. Which level of organization in the human body involves two or more tissue types working together to perform specific, complex functions?

Tissue level

Cellular level

Organismal level

Organ level

4. A patient complaining of pain on his left side just deep to the ribs would be referring to which abdominopelvic quadrant?

Left upper

Right upper

Right lower

Left lower

5. Homeostasis is BEST described as

a process in which the external environment has no influence on the internal environment.

the changes in the internal environment which have no influence on health.

the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite a changing external environment.

the prevention of changes internally despite external changes.

ochrepanda878

Microbiology Unit 2 Applied and Environmental Assignment Part 1: Identify Nutritional requirements from Chapter 6&14 (and review from chapters 1 & 2) 1. Determine which of the 4 macromolecules require the following elements: a. Carbon: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ b. Nitrogen: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ c. Sulfur: carbohydrates___ lipids___ proteins___ nucleic acids___ 2. The essential elements mentioned above are cycled through cells and the earth in biogeochemical cycles (the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles.)Select the correct answer or fill in the blanks to summarize these cycles: a. Carbon dioxide is taken in from the atmosphere by [autotrophs/heterotrophs] and converted to glucose through carbon ________________. When heterotrophs eat autotrophs they use catabolism to break down glucose to make ATP and waste carbon is released as ___________. b. There is plenty of nitrogen available in the atmosphere but it is not accessible to organisms because it is in the form of Nitrogen gas (N2). N2 is fixed by [bacteria/plants/animals] and converted to ammonia (NH3.) NH3 can be used by [bacteria/plants/animals] to build their cells. Next, by consuming food with amino acids,[bacteria/plants/animals] can get access to nitrogen for their own cellular needs. c. There is also a good quantity of sulfur in dirt, rocks, and the atmosphere. Sulfur cycles between H2S => S0 => SO4 => SH groups in Proteins => back to H2S.Using _________________ respiration, anoxygenic photosynthesis, and chemolithoautotrophy [bacteria/plants/animals]convert H2S and S0 to SO4 which is taken in by [bacteria/plants/animals] and used to build their cells. When [bacteria/plants/animals]eat plants they take in essential amino acids containing sulfur and recycle these to make their proteins. d. _________________ break down waste and dead organisms and recycle nutrients back into the cycles. *The C and N are summarized here: https://youtu.be/2D7hZpIYlCA and https://youtu.be/leHy-Y_8nRs 3. Match the main metabolic classifications to the description: Classifications: photoautotroph/ photoheterotroph/ chemoautotroph/ chemoheterotroph o A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere and its energy from sunlight o A microbe that makes its own food by taking carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere and its energy from reduced inorganic chemicals o A microbe that eats other organisms to get organic carbon and energy o A microbe that eats other organisms to get organic carbon but gets energy from sunlight 4. Identify the phases of the bacterial growth curve and define what occurs in each phase Phase A = ______________ Definition: Phase B = ______________ Definition: Phase C = ______________ Definition: Phase D = ______________ Definition: Part 2: Unique ecosystems containing microbes 5. Watch the video that shows hydrothermal vents: https://youtu.be/RO3nO98gH_M a. Describe bacteria that live at the vents using terms from the unit 2 reading guide: ________________________________________________________________________ b. Write a 2-3 sentence reflection about hydrothermal vents and the contribution of microbes to this ecosystem: 6. Apply what you have learned to the TED-Ed video about Biofilms: https://youtu.be/pHLP5CZMnL4 a. Give the terms for cell structures mentioned in the video that we learned in Chapter 4 and 7: i. âsticky appendagesâ thatallows bacteria to attach and begin the biofilm: _______________ ii. Extracellular matrix/gooey matrix that holds cells together: ____________________________ iii. Exchange genetic information while packed together: ____________________________ iv. Communicate with each other by _________________________________________ sensing. v. Produce chemical to kill microbial competitors: ____________________________ factor.

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding sea anemones?

	None of the answer options is correct.
	Spongesânot sea anemonesâpossess what is considered to be the âsimplestâ nervous system found in animals.
	Because sea anemones are âsimpleâ organisms, these animals only possess motor neurons; sensory neurons or interneurons are never found in sea anemones.
	Although sea anemones possess ânet-likeâ nervous systems, these animals have brains located at their bases (near where they would attach to rocks).
	Although sea anemones lack definitive brains, they do possess ganglia that serve a similar function to the paired ganglia of flatworms.

Some people have low levels of calcium circulating in the blood, a condition known as hypocalcemia. While for many this disorder has little to no effect, for some it can be life-threatening. How could low levels of calcium harm an individual?

	Low levels of calcium would not have any effect on synaptic transmission.
	Low levels of calcium would cause sustained depolarization of the presynaptic cell.
	Low levels of calcium would result in fewer signals sent between the pre- and postsynaptic cell.

Cephalization is: the

	All of these choices are correct.
	development of a brain within the head of an animal.
	concentration of sensory organs within the head end of an animal.
	development of a âhead endâ in an organism.

Which of the following are TRUE about the resting membrane potential? (Select all that apply.)

	It results from voltage-gated sodium channels remaining open for long periods of time.
	It results from K⁺ ions diffusing out of the cell.
	It results from the sodium-potassium pump moving more Na⁺ ions out of the cell than K⁺ ions into the cell.

Afferent and efferent neurons differ in:

	their size.
	the directionality of the information they send.
	their pattern of myelination.

A neuron that responds to the environment is a(n):

	interneuron.
	homeostatic neuron.
	motor neuron.
	sensory neuron.

Which of the following is NOT the role of an interneuron?

	stimulating a muscle to contract
	conveying information from the internal environment of an animal
	relaying information from sensory to motor neurons
	maintaining homeostasis

Where are postsynaptic cell receptor proteins synthesized?

	the Golgi apparatus
	the lysosome
	the cytoplasm
	the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Inhibition of the flexor muscle during the knee-extension reflex is an example of:

	homeostasis.
	reciprocal inhibition.
	negative feedback.
	All of these choices are correct.

10.

What type of cells produce myelin for sensory neurons?

	pyramidal neurons
	glial cells
	melanocytes
	astrocytes

BIOL 1116 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Extracellular Fluid, Endocrine System, Homeostasis

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