BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Pharyngeal Slit, Countercurrent Exchange, Notochord

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ultramarineminnow674

6 Dec 2018

School

McGill University

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 111

Professor

Andrew Hendry , Elena Melania Cristescu , Anna Lesley Hargreaves

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BIOL 111 Lecture 18: Echinoderms and Chordates

BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Pharyngeal Slit, Countercurrent Exchange, Notochord

BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: East London, Eastern Cape, Blue Fin, Formaldehyde

Document Summary

In human embryo, evolved out of it in adult stage. Water comes in through mouth, out through slits. O2 and co2 exchange across surface gills. Salt water and hot water hold less o2. Gill slits and gill arches found on all slits. Gill filaments are on the gill arches. Capillary beds in gill filaments: gas exchange. Gill filament has lamellae running across it. Water and blood flow in opposite directions. Need higher o2 in water than in blood, so o2 diffuses into blood. Across lamellae, o2 gradient in blood and water for continual o2 diffusion. Oxygenated blood moves through dorsal aorta, distributed. Venous blood collected, moved back to heart for oxygenation. Has to passively diffuse around system to get to the heart. Fish have pectoral fins, arms are really just fins. Fish diversity (hendry loves fish) (hendry"s family loves fish) (met wife at fish school) When we talk about fish we"re talking early vertebrates.

Related Questions

The chordates share several features which have played asignificant role in the evolution of the phylum. Check all of thefeatures that one would use to exclusively classify members ofChordata and not members of Echinodermata.

a postanal tail during embryonicdevelopment

pharyngeal pouches during embryonicdevelopment

an endoskeleton

a notochord on the dorsal side ofthe gut in the early embryo

deuterostomic development of theembryo

a hollow nerve cord

A number of major evolutionary innovations arose in the fishlineage. Check all of the evolutionary innovations associated withthe fishes.

Teeth arose from the rough scalesof ancestral sharks.

Skeletal developments leading tothe amphibian movement onto land probably evolved from lobe-finnedfishes.

Fish fins are ancestral(homologous) structures to the flippers (forelimbs) ofturtles.

The anterior gill arch formed thebasis for the evolution of the vertebrate jaw.

The swim bladder ultimately led to the evolution of theamphibian urinary bladder.

Select the true statements concerning echinoderms.

They have an exoskeleton made ofhardened calcium carbonate plates.

Echinoderms have radiallysymmetrical larvae that give rise to bilaterally symmetricaladults.

Tube feet are used for locomotionand grasping objects.

Echinoderms are well represented inthe fossil record.

The blastopore of a sea star becomes its anus.

11.

A leafy sea dragon (Phycodurus eques) stays in a fixedposition in the water column as a tourist walks by the display inan aquarium. How is this possible?

The fish counteracts its negativebuoyancy by using its fins.

The fish is essentially hold itsbreath while remaining motionless.

The fish gulps air.

The fish has an operculum and a swim bladder.

15.

The biggest threat to terrestrial life when compared to anaquatic one is

availability of food.

lack of oxygen.

desiccation.

finding mates.

16.

A biologist looking for synapomorphic traits for chordates wouldchoose

segmentation.

possession of a backbone.

possession of an endoskeleton.

indeterminate radial cleavage inthe early embryo.

pharyngeal slits or pouches.

17.

Cartilage and bone contributed to increased size in vertebrates.Evaluate the following statements about these endoskeletal tissuesand determine if they are true or false.

1. A key element of vertebrate bone is a series of dermal ossiclesmade out of calcium carbonate. TrueFalse
2. Bone also contains crystals of a calcium phosphatesalt. TrueFalse
3. Cartilage contains fibers of the proteincollagen. TrueFalse
4. Vertebrate muscles work against bone to provide extraordinarypowers of locomotion. TrueFalse
5. Compared to chitin, bone is much less dynamic and morebrittle. TrueFalse

19.

The breast meat in the bucket of delicious fried chicken isresponsible for

running.

20.

Whales have truly large body sizes. The only invertebrates thatattain body sizes much larger than humans are giant squids. Whatfeature do whales and giant squids share that allow them to attainsuch large sizes?

	Endothermy
	Large brains
	Highly efficient gills
	Internal skeletons

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BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Pharyngeal Slit, Countercurrent Exchange, Notochord

BIOL 111 Lecture 18: Echinoderms and Chordates

BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Pharyngeal Slit, Countercurrent Exchange, Notochord

BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: East London, Eastern Cape, Blue Fin, Formaldehyde

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