Class Notes for BIOL 112 at McGill University

From last lecture: we saw how we can use genetic engineering in cloning to learn something about a gene that is mysterious. About a gene that is causin

Dna ligase and allow the piece of dna to stick together randomly and then the ligase covalently attach them by adding the last phosphate bond that is m

Crops that has been genetically engineered and consumed by humans: corn: ~80% of corn grown in the u. s is genetically engineered/modified (gm). Most o

Bacteria can regulate the expression of their genes. Bacteria have the same genes, but if we look at individual bacteria or even a colony of bacteria a

Viruses were discovered relatively recently as an infectious agent that is smaller than bacteria. Dmitri ivanosvsky started working on tobacco mosaic v

Meselson and stahl experiment aims to show how dna was replicated. So, they decided to use an isotope f nitrogen to distinguish between parent and new

Lecture 21: more tales of the central dogma. Recap of last lecture: the genetic code is this mapping of triplet codons in the dna (sequences of 3 nucle

The genes for different traits are lined up along the chromosomes. By having many genes and alleles determine each phenotype. Most of the traits that w

That is exactly the reverse for that of respiration: C6h12o6 + 6 o2 6 co2 + 6 h2o. The photosynthesis reaction takes place in the chloroplast (make the

Cell divide themselves with the fact that their daughter cells need to have a good inheritance with exactly the good number of chromosomes. (1 of each

The ancient greeks figured that males and females must share some essence that mixes to produce the progeny. But they had no idea what that essence mig

Heredity: children resemble their parents, siblings are not identical. Nb: characters are different qualities like hair color, height and each of those

The ancient greeks figured that males and females must share some essence that mixes to produce the progeny. But they had no idea what that essence mig

That is exactly the reverse for that of respiration: C6h12o6 + 6 o2 6 co2 + 6 h2o. The photosynthesis reaction takes place in the chloroplast (make the

It takes place in the cytoplasm and ends up with pyruvate. The pyruvate then gets shut off in the mitochondria where it is further oxidized to acetyl c

The tight junction ensure that materials don"t cross the epithelium. The gap junctions connect two epithelial cells. It creates channels between two ce

Lecture 9: cells 2: each protein has a short stretch (unique sequence) of amino acids (also called a tag ). Proteins are tagged: and that tells the gol

Cells have a nucleus, microtubules, actin and a cell membrane. Estimation at 4 x 1013 cells (and there is about same number of bacterial cells) Because