BIOL 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Alpha Helix, Covalent Bond, Beta Sheet

• School: McGill University
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL 112
• Professor: Lucy- Ann Joseph

Document Summary

Lectures 3 and 4: proteins and nucleic acids. Proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates are all macromolecules that can form polymers. They are made the same way in all organisms, and are present in roughly the same proporions. This is how we obtain energy, from eaing and digesing other organisms. Organisms, from bacteria to humans, consist of 100"s of diferent lipids, 5 nucleoides forming. Rna and dna, 1000"s of sugars, 10000-30000 diferent proteins (this can be much higher if all modiicaions and isoforms are counted). Condensaion: formaion of a polymer linked by covalent bonds, releasing one water molecule w each monomer added. Occurs between a carboxyl group and amino group. This generates a pepide backbone ending with proline*. Note* proline its neither alpha helix nor beta sheet, as it is covalently bonded to c and n, thus there is no remaining h bond. This is why proline is at the end of a helix and generates a kink.