BIOL 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Hitchhiking, Chromosome, Allosteric Regulation

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21 Jul 2016

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BIOL 112 Full Course Notes

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If tryptophan is present, tryptophan binds to repressor, the repressor blocks the polymerase from making more enzymes. Cells can build sort of complex logic circuits using these repressors. Sophisticated regulation based on what"s present in the cell at the time o there are also activator proteins - cyclic amp receptor protein. Cyclic amp is usually present in high quantities in the cell in the absence of glucose. When it binds with protein kinase a, encourages polymerase to come and transcribe this gene. Bacteria weighs the relative advantage of glucose vs. lactose. Hybridisation: forms loops, so the exons join together. Through heating up and cooling down ? o there are enzymes that do this o small nuclear ribonuclear protein - enzyme that consists of protein and rna (rna strand, essential component of enzymatic activity) Recognises specific sequences at a 5" splice site. Then loops an intron out, sort of splicing.

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For this question, focus on four parts:

I, the gene that produces the repressor protein;

P, the promoter region where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription;

O, the Operator site, where the repressor binds. When the repressor binds, it prevents transcription; and

ZYA, the three structural genes, all of which are required for the successful utilization of lactose as a food source.

In the left column of the table below, we indicate the genetic composition at the lac operon of particular strains of E. coli cells. A "+" (plus sign) following the letter indicates the wild-type allele (or normally functioning version of the gene). For I, P, and ZYA, a "-" (negative sign) following the letter indicates the mutant allele (or non-functional version of the gene). For the O allele, a "C" indicates the mutant or constitutive allele. It is not functional in that the repressor cannot bind, but it is functional in that transcription can still occur.

Given the conditions stated in each column, please indicate for each genotype whether lac mRNA is produced and at what level by typing in one of the following words in each cell in the table:

"Abundant"

"Minimal"

"None"

The completely wild-type genotype has already been filled in.

	Cellular conditions:
Genotype	Glucose present (low cAMP) and no lactose	Glucose present (low cAMP) and lactose present	No glucose (high cAMP) and lactose present
*I⁺ P⁺ O⁺ ZYA⁺*	None	Minimal	Abundant
*I^- P⁺ O⁺ ZYA⁺*
*I⁺ P^- O⁺ ZYA⁺*
*I⁺ P⁺ O^c ZYA⁺*
*I⁺ P⁺ O⁺ ZYA^-*

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BIOL 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Hitchhiking, Chromosome, Allosteric Regulation

BIOL 112 Full Course Notes

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