CHEM 183 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: House Dust Mite, Allergic Rhinitis, Geographic Tongue
19 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Salicylates are a class of compounds with a commonality of
molecular structure that are present in many plants
In order to make aspirin you have to have a synthetic
reaction
○
-
Allergy: adverse reaction to a substance, in most cases it is
harmless
Immune system reacts to something it percieves to
be a foreign intruder and treats it as a foreign object
○
Releases chemicals that try and get rid of the
intruder (hystamine is a chemical released that
expels foreign substances)
○
Any adverse reaction to substances that are normally
harmless where IgE antibodies are involved
○
-
10 - 20% of the population suffers from some sort of
allergy and richer countries have a higher prevalence of
allergies
More chemicals in the environment
○
-
Anaphylaxis: rapidly, progressing, life threatening allergic
reaction (shuts down the circulatory system)
-
Atopy: a genetic tendency to develop the classic allergic
diseases - atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, food
allergy
-
Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is an allergy to ragweed pollen
Up to 50% of people may progress to asthma
○
When hay is stored under moist conditions it forms
mold, you can be allergic to the mold but not to the
hay itself
○
-
Pollen is the plant equivalent of the male sperm that
contains many types of proteins
-
Most allergies are due to proteins
-
Geographic tongue is asymptomatic
-
The saliva of cats is what causes allergic reactions
Cats lick themselves a lot and the skin dies, you're
really allergic to dead skin cells
○
Black cats are more allergenic to other cats
○
Remove dead skin cells to make yourself less allergic
to a cat
○
-
Dust mites can cause allergic reactions
If you have a dust allergy, you are allergic to dust
mite poo
○
-
Total allergy syndrome (20th century disease) people are
allergic to so many different things, that we say that they
are allergic to everything
They have to withdraw from society and lead an
isolated life
○
-
Food allergies are responsible for anaphylactic reactions
4% of adults have food allergies (immune system is
involve with IgE antibodies) - can be provoked by a
small amount of material
Fish, shellfish
§
Impairment of breathing, tingling in mouth,
rashes, hives, black circles under eyes, lesions
on the tongue, pain in the stomach
§
○
3% of adults have food intolerances (lactose
intolerance - cannot properly digest lactose,
deficiency in lactase) - requires significant exposure
○
-
Treatment: adrenaline (epinephrine) and benadryl
(diphenhydramine) - will not reverse reaction, used to
counter secondary effects
-
Don’t have to be exposed to a large amount of the allergen
to have an allergic reaction
In order to have an anaphylactic reaction you must
have previous exposure, can't be allergic to
something on first exposure
○
-
Vaccines have gelatin as stabilizers and this can be initial
exposure to gelatin and the next time exposed like in a
marshmallow you can have the antibody reaction
-
Allergies are increasing, asthma rates have doubled since
1980
Population dramatically increased
○
There is greater chemical exposure
○
-
Natural/artificial scents can produce reactions
-
Early vitamin use may increase food allergies
Kids who were given supplements
○
-
Cleanliness is debated being good
-
Immune system can only fight a certain amount of invaders
-
Children who attend daycare are less likely to develop
allergies due to the fact that they are exposed to more
substances
Less likely to develop leukemia or hodgkin's
lymphoma
○
-
Dairy farmers are five times less likely to develop lung
cancer
They breathe manure dust
○
-
Cotton hosts bacteria that produce endotoxins that alerts
the immune system so cotton factory workers have lower
rates of cancer
-
Exposure to some substances can be protective against
other substances
-
Peanut allergies
When you are first exposed to a substance
○
Window of opportunity to prevent from becoming
allergic
○
-
If a child represent a high risk infant (eczema or atopic
dermatitis)
-
Introduce child slowly to peanuts
-
Allergy to sesame as well as soy is increasing
-
Can develop an allergy at any time of your life
With each exposure you build up antibodies, when
there are enough antibodies you can trigger a
reaction
○
-
Contact dermatitis
Irritant dermatitis - anyone would get if you are
exposed to enough of the offending material
○
Immune system mediated - immune system reacting
○
-
Poison ivy is an allergic reaction
Not everyone is allergic, it is a reaction to a chemical
called urushiol
○
Can sometimes transfer it to other parts of your
body by itching it
○
-
Cure nickel allergy by using a brush on jewellery coating
-
Treat some contact allergies with hydrocortisone or
benadryl
-
Can have a topical or systemic reaction to hair dye
-
Aquagenic puritis
Have to wash with alcohol or quickly with water and
then dry themselves
○
-
Photoallergy
Whatever you are allergic to only becomes an allergy
when you are exposed to the sun
○
-
Mechanism of an allergic attack
White blood cell (mast cell)
○
Exposed to an allergen your body makes proteins
against that allergen
○
Proteins attach themselves to a mast cell (IgE
antibodies)
○
Nothing happens until you get exposed to the
allergen the next time
○
IgE recognize allergen and try to eliminate by binding
to it
○
This causes a release of a chemical that is stored in
the mast cell (histamine)
○
Histamine floods the blood stream and this is what
causes the symptoms of an allergy
○
-
Antibodies
IgE
○
IgG
○
Histamine is responsible for symptoms of allergy
Counteract by introducing another antibody
(antihistamine) that prevents histamine from
attacking
§
○
-
If you have an allergy:
Avoid allergy
○
Use antihistamines
○
Decongestants
○
Immunotherapy (allergy thoughts to cure the
problem permanently)
○
-
Can develop asthma without ever having allergies, but
allergies increase your chances of getting asthma
Antileukotrienes help with asthma
○
Inhalers = adrenaline receptor agonists
○
-
Prevent an asthma attack with steroids
-
Allergy testing
Skin test where they put extracts of the most likely
allergens and measure whether or not you get a
raised red spot
○
You can have a positive skin test and still not have a
positive reaction when you ingest the allergen
○
-
When you determined what you're allergic to, you can get
allergy shots
Get an injection of the material you are allergic to in
a concentrated dose
○
Single exposure to a high dose compared what you
would normally be exposed to
○
You are exposed to the IgG antibody which floats
around in the blood stream
○
Next time you are exposed to an allergen it interacts
with the IgG antibody and it prevents it from
interacting with the IgE antibody
○
-
Allergy notes
Wednesday, September 27, 2017
2:19 PM
Salicylates are a class of compounds with a commonality of
molecular structure that are present in many plants
In order to make aspirin you have to have a synthetic
reaction
○
-
Allergy: adverse reaction to a substance, in most cases it is
harmless
Immune system reacts to something it percieves to
be a foreign intruder and treats it as a foreign object
○
Releases chemicals that try and get rid of the
intruder (hystamine is a chemical released that
expels foreign substances)
○
Any adverse reaction to substances that are normally
harmless where IgE antibodies are involved
○
-
10 - 20% of the population suffers from some sort of
allergy and richer countries have a higher prevalence of
allergies
More chemicals in the environment
○
-
Anaphylaxis: rapidly, progressing, life threatening allergic
reaction (shuts down the circulatory system)
-
Atopy: a genetic tendency to develop the classic allergic
diseases - atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, food
allergy
-
Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is an allergy to ragweed pollen
Up to 50% of people may progress to asthma
○
When hay is stored under moist conditions it forms
mold, you can be allergic to the mold but not to the
hay itself
○
-
Pollen is the plant equivalent of the male sperm that
contains many types of proteins
-
Most allergies are due to proteins
-
Geographic tongue is asymptomatic
-
The saliva of cats is what causes allergic reactions
Cats lick themselves a lot and the skin dies, you're
really allergic to dead skin cells
○
Black cats are more allergenic to other cats
○
Remove dead skin cells to make yourself less allergic
to a cat
○
-
Dust mites can cause allergic reactions
If you have a dust allergy, you are allergic to dust
mite poo
○
-
Total allergy syndrome (20th century disease) people are
allergic to so many different things, that we say that they
are allergic to everything
They have to withdraw from society and lead an
isolated life
○
-
Food allergies are responsible for anaphylactic reactions
4% of adults have food allergies (immune system is
involve with IgE antibodies) - can be provoked by a
small amount of material
Fish, shellfish
§
Impairment of breathing, tingling in mouth,
rashes, hives, black circles under eyes, lesions
on the tongue, pain in the stomach
§
○
3% of adults have food intolerances (lactose
intolerance - cannot properly digest lactose,
deficiency in lactase) - requires significant exposure
○
-
Treatment: adrenaline (epinephrine) and benadryl
(diphenhydramine) - will not reverse reaction, used to
counter secondary effects
-
Don’t have to be exposed to a large amount of the allergen
to have an allergic reaction
In order to have an anaphylactic reaction you must
have previous exposure, can't be allergic to
something on first exposure
○
-
Vaccines have gelatin as stabilizers and this can be initial
exposure to gelatin and the next time exposed like in a
marshmallow you can have the antibody reaction
-
Allergies are increasing, asthma rates have doubled since
1980
Population dramatically increased
○
There is greater chemical exposure
○
-
Natural/artificial scents can produce reactions
-
Early vitamin use may increase food allergies
Kids who were given supplements
○
-
Cleanliness is debated being good
-
Immune system can only fight a certain amount of invaders
-
Children who attend daycare are less likely to develop
allergies due to the fact that they are exposed to more
substances
Less likely to develop leukemia or hodgkin's
lymphoma
○
-
Dairy farmers are five times less likely to develop lung
cancer
They breathe manure dust
○
-
Cotton hosts bacteria that produce endotoxins that alerts
the immune system so cotton factory workers have lower
rates of cancer
-
Exposure to some substances can be protective against
other substances
-
Peanut allergies
When you are first exposed to a substance
○
Window of opportunity to prevent from becoming
allergic
○
-
If a child represent a high risk infant (eczema or atopic
dermatitis)
-
Introduce child slowly to peanuts
-
Allergy to sesame as well as soy is increasing
-
Can develop an allergy at any time of your life
With each exposure you build up antibodies, when
there are enough antibodies you can trigger a
reaction
○
-
Contact dermatitis
Irritant dermatitis - anyone would get if you are
exposed to enough of the offending material
○
Immune system mediated - immune system reacting
○
-
Poison ivy is an allergic reaction
Not everyone is allergic, it is a reaction to a chemical
called urushiol
○
Can sometimes transfer it to other parts of your
body by itching it
○
-
Cure nickel allergy by using a brush on jewellery coating
-
Treat some contact allergies with hydrocortisone or
benadryl
-
Can have a topical or systemic reaction to hair dye
-
Aquagenic puritis
Have to wash with alcohol or quickly with water and
then dry themselves
○
-
Photoallergy
Whatever you are allergic to only becomes an allergy
when you are exposed to the sun
○
-
Mechanism of an allergic attack
White blood cell (mast cell)
○
Exposed to an allergen your body makes proteins
against that allergen
○
Proteins attach themselves to a mast cell (IgE
antibodies)
○
Nothing happens until you get exposed to the
allergen the next time
○
IgE recognize allergen and try to eliminate by binding
to it
○
This causes a release of a chemical that is stored in
the mast cell (histamine)
○
Histamine floods the blood stream and this is what
causes the symptoms of an allergy
○
-
Antibodies
IgE
○
IgG
○
Histamine is responsible for symptoms of allergy
Counteract by introducing another antibody
(antihistamine) that prevents histamine from
attacking
§
○
-
If you have an allergy:
Avoid allergy
○
Use antihistamines
○
Decongestants
○
Immunotherapy (allergy thoughts to cure the
problem permanently)
○
-
Can develop asthma without ever having allergies, but
allergies increase your chances of getting asthma
Antileukotrienes help with asthma
○
Inhalers = adrenaline receptor agonists
○
-
Prevent an asthma attack with steroids
-
Allergy testing
Skin test where they put extracts of the most likely
allergens and measure whether or not you get a
raised red spot
○
You can have a positive skin test and still not have a
positive reaction when you ingest the allergen
○
-
When you determined what you're allergic to, you can get
allergy shots
Get an injection of the material you are allergic to in
a concentrated dose
○
Single exposure to a high dose compared what you
would normally be exposed to
○
You are exposed to the IgG antibody which floats
around in the blood stream
○
Next time you are exposed to an allergen it interacts
with the IgG antibody and it prevents it from
interacting with the IgE antibody
○
-
Allergy notes
Wednesday, September 27, 2017 2:19 PM
10
CHEM 183 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
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Document Summary
Salicylates are a class of compounds with a commonality of molecular structure that are present in many plants. In order to make aspirin you have to have a synthetic reaction. Allergy: adverse reaction to a substance, in most cases it is harmless. Immune system reacts to something it percieves to be a foreign intruder and treats it as a foreign object. Releases chemicals that try and get rid of the intruder (hystamine is a chemical released that expels foreign substances) Any adverse reaction to substances that are normally harmless where ige antibodies are involved. 10 - 20% of the population suffers from some sort of allergy and richer countries have a higher prevalence of allergies. Anaphylaxis: rapidly, progressing, life threatening allergic reaction (shuts down the circulatory system) Atopy: a genetic tendency to develop the classic allergic diseases - atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma, food allergy. Hay fever (allergic rhinitis) is an allergy to ragweed pollen.
