CHEM 212 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Racemic Mixture, Stereocenter, Reagent
17 Jun 2015
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Chem 212: introductory organic chemistry 1 lecture 4: radical reactions & Reactions of alkanes with halogens (continue with last lecture) The hybridization of orbitals on the carbon that contains a single electron is sp2 instead of sp3. The single electron (electron deficient) does not really influence other bonding groups. The unhybridized p orbital that contains a single electron is treated as an empty orbital. Halogen prefer to replace the hydrogen on the most substituted carbon. More products (a( are produced because in molecule (a), bromine is attached to the most substituted carbon. Reason?--mainly depends on energy of intermediate free radicals. Hydrogen abstraction of propane highest energy species. This is because of the increasing hyperconjugation from 1 radical to 3 radical. The more hyperconjugation a molecule has, the more stable the molecule is. Bromine is more selectively compared to chlorine although the activation energy of chlorine is lower.
