BIOL 111 Lecture Notes - Bronchiole, Dorsal Nerve Cord, Viviparity
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26 Jun 2012
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BIOL 111 Full Course Notes
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The first fish were jawless and they were benthic. November 13, 2007: had bony plates, heavily armoured, small, ostracoderms (shell skin) Later, the fish were bigger, spiny-finned, jawed predator, ancanthodians (spiny fin) Later, fish were less armoured, large predators = placoderms (plate skin) Early marine predators preying on fish: sea scorpions. Competition in water: shallow inland seas, swamps, ponds, experience low do2, crowding in shallow pools. Amount of oxygen (most important) stability of temperature. Air has higher concentration of oxygen than water. Gases diffuse faster in air than water. Air is less dense so less energy required to move it across respiratory surfaces. Gas bladder used as supplementary respiratory organ, then later modified for buoyancy. Present in early fish (placoderms now extinct) Used as a supplementary respiratory organ: gulp at air surface reappeared in bony fishes, actinopterygians (ray-finned, sarcopterygians (lobe-finned, from single dorsal pocket off esophagus, evolved into a swim bladder or supplementary respiratory.
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