BIOC 212 Lecture : Lecture 29 - Cellular Development and Cancer.doc

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mauvecockroach998

21 Mar 2012

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Growth factors: growth factors inhibit cellular apoptosis and are known as survival factors, survival factors usually bind to membrane receptors which activates signaling pathways that prevents apoptosis. By activating apoptosis supressing pathways: mitogens are also survival factors that propel the cell into mitosis, nerve cells compete for the survival factors secreted by their target cells. This ensures that only a necessary level of cells exist, excess cells die: the more growth factor the nerve cell receives, the larger it grows. Compared to a neutrophil cell, it is much larger. 5" end of mrna), inhibiting eif4e from binding to mrna. Phosphorylating 4e-bp inactivates it, releasing eif4e, now free to bind to mrna to increase translation. Metastasis: malignant tumors produce invasive cells that can travel to many other areas of the body and induce cancer, these secondary tumors are the lethal agents that kill.

Related Questions

The EGF-receptor is a receptor tyrosine kinase that binds toepidermal growth factor (EGF). In response to EGF binding, theEGF-receptor stimulates a signaling pathway that involves Ras.Ultimately, this signaling pathway leads to the upregulation offactors that promote cell division. As a result, in response toEGF, cells that express the EGF-receptor undergo cell division toproduce more cells. If an inhibitor that inhibited all G proteinswas added to cells, how would this affect the ability of thesecells to respond to EGF?

1)The inhibitor would have no effect, because the EGF-receptoris not a G protein-coupled receptor.

2)While the receptor would dimerize and autophosphorylate in thepresence of the inhibitor, downstream signaling would be preventedbecause the inhibitor would affect Ras activity.

3)In the presence of the inhibitor, the receptor could bind toEGF and dimerize, but it would not be able to autophosphorylatebecause this requires the activity of a G protein.

amethystantelope937

The survival, __________________, and size of each cell in an animal are controlled by extracellular signal molecules secreted by neighboring and distant cells. Many of these signal molecules bind to a cell-surface __________________ and trigger various intracellular signaling pathways. One class of signal molecules, called __________________, stimulates cell division by releasing the molecular brakes that keep cells in the __________________ or __________________ phase of the cell cycle. Members of a second class of signal molecules are called __________________, because they stimulate cell growth and an increase in cell mass. The third class of signal molecules, called __________________, inhibits __________________ by regulating members of the __________________ family of proteins. In addition to such stimulatory factors, some signal proteins such as __________________ act negatively on other cells, inhibiting their survival, growth, or proliferation.

anaphase differentiation myostatin

annihilation G₀ nourishment

apoptosis G₁ nutrition

arrestase G₂ phosphatases

Bcl2 growth factors proliferation

biosynthetic interphase receptor

cascades ligand S

caspase M survival factors

Cdk mitogens transcription

cyclin

blushbeaver438

Choose only one correct answer

QUESTION 1

Transautophosphorylation occurs in which two of the followingsignaling pathways?

a.GPCR and RTK pathways

b.RTK and Integrin/FAK pathways

c.S/TKR and PKA pathways

d.GPCR and Ras pathways

e.MAPK and cAMP pathways

QUESTION 2

Which of the following receptors are activated by GTP?

a.G protein coupled receptors only

b.tyrosine kinase receptors only

c.both G protein coupled receptors and tyrosine kinasereceptors

d.neither G protein coupled receptors nor tyrosine kinasereceptors

QUESTION 3

Why can both GPCR and RTK pathways activate calmodulin?

a.Because both activate PLC

b.Because both activate PI3K

c.Because both trigger an action potential

d.Because both activate Ras

e.Because both activate PKA

QUESTION 4

Ion channel receptors __________ enzymes. They __________ bindsignaling ligands.

a.are, do

b.are not, do

c.are, do not

d.are not, do not

QUESTION 5

PIP2 is cleaved by ___________ to produce _____________.

a.phosphodiesterase, DAG and IP3

b. phospholipase C, DAG and IP3

c. phosphodiesterase, DAG and calcium

d. phospholipase C, DAG and calcium

QUESTION 6

Why are integrins considered to be signaling proteins?

a.Because they bind ECM

b.Because they bind heterotrimeric G proteins

c.Because they bind FAK

d.Because they bind MAPK

e.Because they bind Sos

QUESTION 7

Why isnât tubulin considered a G protein?

a.Because it doesnât propagate a signal in a signalingpathway

b.Because it doesnât bind to GPCR

c.Because it doesnât bind to a GEF or a GAP

d.Because it doesnât undergo transautophosphorylation

e.Because it doesnât bind GTP

orangebutterfly756

BIOC 212 Lecture : Lecture 29 - Cellular Development and Cancer.doc

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