LING 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Carl Wernicke, Kana, Speech Error
Monday, October 23rd, 2017
Language and the Brain:
• Neurolinguistics is the study of the neural mechanisms in the human brain that control the
comprehension, production, and acquisition of language.
• Toda e’e goig to e oeed ith ho laguage is istatiated i the ai
Brain anatomy → (parts of the brain)
• The brain is composed of three parts
• Cerebrum (our focus)
• Cerebellum – coordinates muscle movements, controls posture and balance
• Brain stem - acts as a relay center and performs many automatic functions such as breathing
and heart rate
Cerebrum
• Largest part of the brain – composed of right and left hemispheres
• Integrates information from all sense organs
• Initiates motor functions
• Controls emotions
• Holds memory and thought processes
• The hemispheres of the cerebrum are organized on a contralateral level
• Each hemisphere is responsible for the opposite side of the body
Cerebrum
• Cerebral cortex - outer layer of gray matter of the cerebrum
• frontal lobe
• parietal lobe
• temporal lobe
• occipital lobe
• Subcortical structures (some, not all)
• Basal ganglia (e.g., fingertip movements)
• Amygdala (social behaviors)
• Hippocampus (short-term memory)
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Cerebrum
Modularity
• Before the 19th century, the brain was viewed as one unstructured mass
• Franz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) was a pioneer in arguing the that brain functions were
localized or modular
• Different abilities and behaviors connected to specific parts of the brain.
• Today, much scientific evidence supports this view.
Modularity
• Phrenology - an early theory of modularity.
• NOT phonology
• Idea that speifi pats of the ai ae assoiated ith diffeet etal faulties
• “ize of these aeas oelates ith a peso’s popesities
• Believed that the size/shape of the skull reflected the size of these areas of the brain
• This is disproven
Modularity
• Where is language processing located in the brain?
• Two key areas of the brain
• Boa’s aea
• Weika’s aea
• Located in the left hemisphere for the vast majority of people
• More accurate recognition of words in right visual field
• More accurate perception of words played in the right ear
Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas…
Aphasia
• Aphasias are language disorders caused by brain damage
• stroke
• head trauma
• Evidence for modularity of language functions
• depending on which area of the brain is damaged, different parts of language processing will
be affected
Broca’s area
• Named for Paul Broca, who discovered it in the 1800s
• Boa’s aea is loated i fotal loe
• Autopsy investigations of eight patients
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Cerebrum: cerebral cortex - outer layer of gray matter of the cerebrum, frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, subcortical structures (some, not all, basal ganglia (e. g. , fingertip movements, amygdala (social behaviors, hippocampus (short-term memory) Aphasia: aphasias are language disorders caused by brain damage, stroke, head trauma, evidence for modularity of language functions, depending on which area of the brain is damaged, different parts of language processing will be affected. Broca"s aphasia: b(cid:396)o(cid:272)a"s aphasia is li(cid:374)ked spe(cid:272)ifi(cid:272)all(cid:455) to da(cid:373)age i(cid:374) b(cid:396)o(cid:272)a"s a(cid:396)ea, characterized by disruption to speech production, labored speech, problems thinking of words, diffi(cid:272)ulties (cid:449)ith (cid:862)fu(cid:374)(cid:272)tio(cid:374)(cid:863) (cid:449)o(cid:396)ds (cid:894)to, if, et(cid:272). (cid:895) Wernicke"s area: discovered by karl wernicke, we(cid:396)(cid:374)i(cid:272)ke"s a(cid:396)ea is located in the temporal lobe, lesio(cid:374)s i(cid:374) we(cid:396)(cid:374)i(cid:272)ke"s a(cid:396)ea (cid:396)esult i(cid:374) a diffe(cid:396)e(cid:374)t t(cid:455)pe of aphasia, we(cid:396)(cid:374)i(cid:272)ke"s aphasia, fluent speech, word substitutions, much difficulty comprehending speech of others. Experimental techniques: we"ll dis(cid:272)uss t(cid:449)o e(cid:454)pe(cid:396)i(cid:373)e(cid:374)tal te(cid:272)h(cid:374)i(cid:395)ues fo(cid:396) lo(cid:272)alizi(cid:374)g a(cid:396)eas spe(cid:272)ifi(cid:272) to la(cid:374)guage, diachotic listening, erp.
