LING 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Nasal Cavity, Theft, Vocal Folds
23 Jun 2018
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-Articulatory phonetics: articular properties of human speech sounds
-Speech: more central to language than writing
-Speech is universal, written language is not
-Writing is a “modern” invention
-The quandaries of orthography: not well suited
-Each word consists of three sounds (2 consonants, 1 vowel)
-Sounds written using IPA symbols
-Segmenting words into letters and sounds
-Many ways to spell the same sound
-Many sounds for the same spelling
-Letters are not good for writing down unambiguously how something is pronounced
-For any language (English just particularly bad)
-Need an alphabet designed for representing pronunciation
-The solution: phonetic alphabet
-International phonetic alphabet (IPA)
-Each symbol represents one speech segment
-Speech sounds, phones, are defined in terms of their articulatory properties or their acoustic
properties
-Phonetics
-Articulatory phonetics - study of production of speech sounds
-Auditory phonetics - study of speech perception
-Acoustic phonetics - study of physical properties of speech sounds
-Vowels - Consonants - Glides
-Articulatory different
-Consonants
-Voiced or voiceless (voice sound is when the vocal folds are close together)
-Complete closure or narrowing of vocal tract (narrowing - create friction)
-Noise produced as air flows past created constriction
-Vowels are:
-Produced with little obstruction in the vocal tract
-Voiced (can become de-voiced in some contexts)
-Vowels easier to characterize in their acoustic properties (less clearly distinguished than
consonants)
-Acoustic difference
-Sonority (vowels are louder, have minority)
-Syllabic and non-syllabic sounds: vowel form the nucleus of a syllable - all vowels are syllabic,
whenever you have a vowel phonetically, you also have a syllable. Consonants are typically
non-syllabic (some sonorant consonants n,r,l)
-Glides (2 glides in english)
-[j] as in yes, [w] as in wine
-articulatory properties similar to vowels (rapidly articulated vowels),
-But in terms of acoustic properties and also phonologically: cannot form the nucleus of a
syllable
-Consonant (described by two perimeters of description) of articulation
-Main articulators: tongue, lips
-Active articulators: lips. Sounds that are made with the lips are labial and if forced lips are
involved its called bilabial sounds
1. Place of articulation (Pl.o.A.): labial and dental
-Bilabial sounds:
[p] pan
[b] ban
[m] man
-Labiodental sounds: lips and teeth (pressing your teeth against your lower lip)
[f] fan
[v] van
-Dental/interdental (created by pushing the tip of the tongue against the teeth or between the
teeth)
-Speakers vary whether they produce them interdentally or not.
[o theta] thick, thorough
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Articulatory phonetics: articular properties of human speech sounds. Each word consists of three sounds (2 consonants, 1 vowel) Letters are not good for writing down unambiguously how something is pronounced. Speech sounds, phones, are defined in terms of their articulatory properties or their acoustic properties. Articulatory phonetics - study of production of speech sounds. Acoustic phonetics - study of physical properties of speech sounds. Voiced or voiceless (voice sound is when the vocal folds are close together) Complete closure or narrowing of vocal tract (narrowing - create friction) Noise produced as air flows past created constriction. Produced with little obstruction in the vocal tract. Vowels easier to characterize in their acoustic properties (less clearly distinguished than consonants) Syllabic and non-syllabic sounds: vowel form the nucleus of a syllable - all vowels are syllabic, whenever you have a vowel phonetically, you also have a syllable. Consonants are typically non-syllabic (some sonorant consonants n,r,l) [j] as in yes, [w] as in wine.
