LING 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 23: Logical Consequence, Wrinkle, Groucho Marx
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It is valid if you know that shimane is in japan (it is; this is a missing premise) This missing piece of information is your pragmatic or encyclopedia knowledge. But because it is not said that texas is in the usa, it cannot be valid in this case, so it is invalid. Don"t know" would have also been an acceptable answer. The answer is the same as the first question. You cannot assume that texas is in the usa as long as it is not said. Since there are possible worlds (remote as they may be) where texas in not part of the * The inference is judged valid only in view of the * Some inferences are judged valid (by some speakers) even though the semantic entailment does not hold. Nowitzki lives in texas. " pragmatically entails nowitzki lives in the usa. ". "nowitzki lives in texas and texas is in the usa. semantically entails nowitzki lives in the usa".
