NUR1 421 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Intimate Partner Violence, General Social Survey, Dating Abuse
11 Jun 2018
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NUR1 421 – RESOURCES: SPECIAL POPULATIONS
Lesson 4 ~ February 2nd, 2018
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE (IPV) – PROFESSOR MILLER POWERPOINT
Description, Assessment, Interventions
- Prof Miller clinical experiences with intimate partner violence (IPV)
o Nursed women who were victims of IPV in Nepal
o Women had been burnt by their partners
- Use of terms
o In the past used the term “domestic violence”
o “Intimate partner violence” now used instead
§ Broader term
§ In Canada, includes dating violence
- Public Health in Canada 2016 report
o Identified IPV as being a top priority to address
o Improves health, not only nationally but also globally
- Recent News article
o 5 women in Ontario killed from IPV in January
o This statistic is not unusual
o Refer to article for graphs from different sources (good visuals)
- Canadian Statistics
o General Social Survey vs police reporting
o Police
§ Can only gather information from people who report IPV
§ Only 22% of victims will go to the police
§ Causes skewed information
o General Social Survey
§ Every 5 years
§ Census-type survey
§ Specific questions are asked that give an idea of the prevalence of IPV
- Statistics
o Textbook refers to the 2009 General Social Survey
o Note: will NOT be asked specifics on exam (percentages, etc.)
§ Need to understand the patterns
o Equal proportion of men and women reported being victims of spousal violence
o Women 3x more likely to have serious injury versus men
o Intimate partners accused in 1/3 of police-reported violent crime
§ Example from CSI: Always start with the partner when trying to find the murderer
o 80% of victims of police-reported IPV were women
§ Therefore, most of the information is about women
§ Perpetrators are usually the men in their lives
§ Research limited about men
• Causes may include stigma, difficulty in disclosing violence, issues with data
collection, etc.
§ Differences in the way men and women experience IPV
• Women more likely to experience serious injury or death
• Females 25-29 years old greatest risk for IPV leading to homicide
• Rates of homicide have been decreasing in Canada, fairly consistently since the
1980s
- Gender, Heterocentric in IPV
o In history, research dominated by heterosexual relationships where woman abused by man
o Mainly women who are victims of sexual abuse, serious injury and death
o I.e. reporting to police, needing to be hospitalized, generally this is women
- LTBTQ2
o At great risk, more difficult for these individuals to come forward to report IPV
o Same theoretical patterns (will be discussed later)
o Professor recommends reading Barrett article (2013)
o Idea of control more prevalent in LGBTQ2 couples vs. heterosexual
o Difficulty in reporting due to stigma, discrimination, access to services
o Intimate partner violence shelters specifically open to LGBTQ2
§ One opened recently in Winnipeg
§ One in Massachusetts
o Example from Logifem
§ Allowed transgender individual to take refuge at their centre
§ Worked out very well
o Transgender individuals at a greater lifetime risk of physical abuse
§ By the partner and others
§ Bullying and aggression in vulnerable moments of their development
§ Example, bullying, being the victim
§ Can be reproduced in the types of partnerships that transgender individuals enter into
- Risk factors
o Based on Ecological Model (WHO)
§ Individual, relationship, community, societal
o Individual (see full list on slides)
§ Exposure to violence as a child
• Example: within the parent unit
• Risk factor for both being a victim of IPV and being the perpetrator of IPV
§ Alcohol substance use
§ Age differences (older perpetrator)
• Reflects dependence
§ Low levels of education
• Person who is victimized is dependent on perpetrator
§ Pregnancy
• Very vulnerable time
• Significant risks in terms of miscarriage, premature delivery, low birth weight
• Impacts on mother and baby to come
§ “Reconstituted family”
• Ex. man living with his girlfriend and her children, man is not the biological
father
o Relational
§ Male dominance
• Idea of the man being the “breadwinner”, has complete control
§ Financial stressors
• Brings out the worst out in people
§ “Women with greater educational attainment”
• Discrepancy with the idea of male dominance
o Society
§ Poverty
§ Economic status of women
• Affects their ability to be independent
§ Legal sanctions
• Whether there is a structure to respond to intimate partner violence
§ Weak community sanctions
• Reflected in war zones
• Intimate partner violence is heightened as it becomes more prevalent in society
- Health Consequences
o Numerous
o Victims may have no outward signs
§ May seem hidden/invisible
o May have somatic symptoms
§ Ex. irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia
§ Does not seem to be necessarily linked to violence
o Suicidal ideation
§ Suicide a risk, as well as homicide
- Impact on children
o Impact on children who have been a witness of IPV
o Many consequences that can be related or potentiated
§ Including depression, allergies, somatic complaints, sleep, problems with visual hearing
§ School performance, aggression in school
§ Conflicts with the law (in the long run)
- Theories related to IPV
o Cycle of Violence (theory #1)
§ Way of visualizing a pattern in violence"
§ 1) Tensions Building
§ 2) Incident
• Physical, verbal, emotional abuse
• Threats, intimidation, etc.
§ 3) Reconciliation
• Apologies, excuses, denying that it
happened
• “Not as bad”, putting blame on the
victim
§ 4) Calm
• Back to “normal”
§ Pattern becomes faster
§ Sign of impeding risk for the victim
§ LGBTQ couples experience the same type of pattern
o Victim and perpetrator response
§ Highlights the “honeymoon stage”"
• Victim is hopeful
• May be very pleasant
• As professionals who ‘judge’ patients, we often
forget about this time
• Tension starts to build
o Victim attempts to calm perpetrator,
nurturing, trying to appease
o Victims feels in control of the situation
o Victim feels like it is their fault that the
tension is building
• Incident occurs
Document Summary
Intimate partner violence (ipv) professor miller powerpoint. Prof miller clinical experiences with intimate partner violence (ipv: nursed women who were victims of ipv in nepal, women had been burnt by their partners. Use of terms: in the past used the term domestic violence , intimate partner violence now used instead. Public health in canada 2016 report: identified ipv as being a top priority to address, improves health, not only nationally but also globally. Recent news article: 5 women in ontario killed from ipv in january, this statistic is not unusual, refer to article for graphs from different sources (good visuals) Canadian statistics: general social survey vs police reporting, police. Can only gather information from people who report ipv. Only 22% of victims will go to the police. Causes skewed information: general social survey. Specific questions are asked that give an idea of the prevalence of ipv.
