PHIL 210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Propositional Calculus, Lucretius, Logica
4 Sep 2016
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Deductive logic- one of the oldest/most important branches of philosophy. Correctly deducing a conclusion from given premises- valid inference/argument. Logic is primarily interested in the leads to the conclusion. An argument claims that the conclusion follows from the premises. Premise 1: all humans are mortal | premise 2: socrates is a human. What is the relationship following from" between sentences consists in: premises and conclusions are declarative sentences, the conclusion seems forced upon us once we accept the premises a. If premises are accepted (as true), then the conclusion must also be accepted (as true) Notice: the inference remains valid when replacing the notions human, mortal, and socrates. Premise 1: all toves are slivy | premise 2: jocasta is a tove. Same as saying: if all ps are q and a is p then a is q ; this is a form of a valid inference. Aristotle set out to classify all the valid forms.
