PHIL 210 Lecture 2: Logic
10 Sep 2016
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Readings/exercises: introduction, 1. 1-1. 4, pp 5-11 (about exercises), try 1. 1-1. 6, 1. 7. Logic: a study of valid inference/argument/what follows from what. Aristotle tried to catalogue all forms of valid inference. Modern logic takes a diff approach, assuming there are infinitely many ways of interpreting the same argument. When premises are true, the conclusion is also true. Whatever way we can make premises true is also a way of making the conclusion true. This is more general; based on the idea that we can impose different interpretations. In lecture 1 we put whales in place of humans and mammals in place of moral. Enabled us to see that there is smth in common in the examples of valid inferences. Enabled us to see why the invalid argument is invalid. Conclusion can be false while premises are true; thus argument is invalid. In making replacements, we"ve replaced like for like (is a whale, tove, human)
