ANTHROP 2D03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Allele Frequency, Chromosome, Meiosis
26 Sep 2016
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Environmental changes (i. e. uv light), replication errors, enzyme failure. Random assembly of chromosomes into sex cells. Independent assortment = each chromosome (and genes) are randomly distributed to gametes. Recombination = crossing over of homologous chromosomes rearranges the genetic material between the original maternal/paternal chromosomes. Some traits are relatively more advantageous or disadvantageous in a particular environment. Disadvantageous i. e. = selection of allele do not outweigh disease gene. Over time, individuals with favourable traits (in a particular environment) contribute proportionately more offspring to the next generation. Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce. From a genetic standpoint, alleles possessed by the individuals with favourable traits become more common. Over time, populations undergo change in the inherited traits carried by their individuals. Natural selection operates/acts on individuals, but populations evolve. Over time, advantageous traits become more common in the population as the individuals who carry these adaptations . This process of adaptation is a circumstantial consequence or outcome of selection.
