BIOLOGY 1A03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Starch, Gregor Mendel, Mendelian Inheritance
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BIOLOGY 1A03 Full Course Notes
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Males: produce 4 haploid sperm cells from one sex cell precursor. Females: produce 1 large egg and 3 polar bodies which reduce its chromosomal content. Diploid offspring production gametes due to two successive rounds of meiotic division of varying gametes one set of unique chromosomes. Condensation & synapsis chromosomes of the parent cell chromosomes, holding them together during synapsis. Homologous chromosomes: individual chromosomes that may contain different alleles of the same gene, which have been inherited from each parent. Metaphase i: homologous chromosome bivalents become randomly arranged at the metaphase plate by the microtubules of the spindle apparatus. Anaphase i: synaptonemal complex breaks down, allowing for the separation of the homologues making up each bivalent to opposite cellular poles. Homologous chromosomes separate, while sister chromatids do not. Prohase ii in each individual parental cell condense. Metaphase ii: genetically identical chromosomes (composed of two sister chromatids) are positioned at the metaphase plate.