BIOLOGY 1M03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Sympatric Speciation, Species Complex, Dna Barcoding
4 Feb 2018
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Practice question: given this phylogeny, who is more closely related to (less diverged from) gibbons, orangutans or gorillas? (good short answer question) Answer: the phylogeny indicates that gorillas and orangutans are equally related to gibbons. * orangs and gorillas both originated from a common ancestor, so they are equivalently diverged from that ancestor. That ancestor is a set difference from gibbons, and the clade includes orangs, gorillas, humans, chimps and bonobos meaning they are all equivalently related to gibbons. Answer: gorillas are more closely related to orangs because the path between gorillas and orangs is shorter than the path between gibbons and orangs (they have a more recent common ancestor) Answer: they are both equally related to gorillas. The cladistics (maximum parsimony the simplest explanation is the best) approach to inferring a phylogeny focuses on synapomorphies, which are shared derived characters.
