BIOLOGY 1M03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Colugo, Knuckle-Walking, Stereopsis
4 Feb 2018
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Document Summary
Gene and genome duplication: nonfunctionalization, neofunctionalization, subfunctionalization, redundancy. Hominoid (ape) diversification in time and space. Evolution of key features: pelvis, teeth, skull. Have a suite of adaptations for climbing and other forms of locomotion (leaping, walking on 2 or 4 limbs, knuckle walking, brachiation) Are mammals that have different adaptations such as for climbing, movement (brachiation when you move by going underneath branches and not on top) Most have opposable thumbs and prehensile tails (grasping hands) Hind-limb dominated posture (front arms are much shorter than the back ones) Increased reliance on stereoscopic vision (eyes have evolved to be in the front of the head, not on the sides allows for better depth perception) 3-colour vision in some species; eyes encased in a bony orbit (related to gene duplication) Nails instead of claws on toes and fingers. Claws are typically curved, pointed, and compressed sideways. Primate hands generally have 5 digits, usually with nails.
