BIOLOGY 2B03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Dynamin, Lysosome, Secretion

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1 Sep 2020

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While er - resident proteins remain in the er, other proteins will leave via vesicles for destinations such as golgi complex, lysosomes, cell membrane or secretion out of the cell. As proteins move from er to the cell membrane, they are transported in vesicles and through the golgi complex. Golgi complex is series of elongated and flat sacs called cisternae. Vesicles move proteins from er to golgi cis-cisternae. Vesicles also fuse with the cell membrane to release proteins from the cell in a process called exocytosis. Constitutive secretory pathway is used by proteins that are immediately released after protein synthesis and transport. Vesicles move straight from trans-golgi to cell membrane. Regulatory secretory pathway is used by proteins that are held in the cell until a signal triggers release. The vesicles held in the cell are called secretory granules. Other proteins are carried away from the trans - golgi in vesicles to form lysosomes.

Related Questions

Which compartments are involved in vesicular transport? How are transport vesicles formed and targeted appropriately? What proteins are involved and what are their roles? What kinds of modifications are added to proteins in the ER? What determines whether a protein stays in the ER or moves on? Be sure to understand how vesicles fuse with their target membranes, and the consequences of fusion for the vesicleâs cargo as well as the proteins and lipids that are in the membrane. Know the structure of the Golgi apparatus and its role in intracellular trafficking. Understand the secretory process, endocytosis, exocytosis, function of the endosomes, and function of the lysosomes. Understand why endocytosis happens and how it can be regulated to take up specific molecules.

1. How do viral proteins get localized to the nucleus?

2. How do viral proteins get localized to the plasma membrane?

3. How does a nascent protein get targeted to the ER?

4. What amino acid residue on a target protein is attached to the sugar?

5.Where in the cell are N-linked oligosaccharides FIRST added to a glycoprotein?

6.Where in the cell does the initial sugar get processed into its mature form?

7. That is, which exact compartment(s) of the secretory pathway is mannose removed? Galactose added? Sialic acid added? How does the position of glycosylation (N-linked vs internal) affect which chaperone is used to properly fold proteins in the ER?

8. What compartments comprise the secretory pathway in mammalian cells?

9.How do proteins get transported from the ER to the Golgi?

10.How do the transport vesicles return from the Golgi to the ER?

11.What happens to their components when they get there? How does poliovirus inhibit the secretory pathway?

SHORT answers please

The vesicles that transport materials from donor membranes to acceptor membranes include:

	1.	COP-II coated vesicles
	2.	COP-III coated vesicles
	3.	COP-I coated vesicles
	4.	Clathrin coated vesicles

2.5 points

QUESTION 11

During skeletal muscle contraction, the roles of ATP include:

	1.	ATP is not required for forming the crossbridges between myosin and actin filaments.
	2.	ATP is utilized as a structural linker to mediate the interaction between myosin and actin filaments
	3.	Hydrolysis of ATP provides energy for myosin head to move along actin filaments and the binding of ATP to myosin head allows the detachment of myosin fromactin filaments.
	4.	ATP binds to actin filaments to drive the power stroke of myosin head.

2.5 points

QUESTION 12

One of the functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is

	1.	Synthesizing steroid hormone in the endocrine cells of the gonad and adrenal cortex
	2.	Serves as the starting point of the biosynthetic pathway
	3.	Synthesizing secretory proteins
	4.	Degrading cell debris

2.5 points

QUESTION 13

The function of COP-II coated vesicles is mainly:

	1.	Transporting materials from endosomes to Golgi complex
	2.	Moving materials from the ER to the ERGIC and Golgi complex.
	3.	Transporting materials from Golgi complex back to endoplasmic reticulum.
	4.	Involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis.

2.5 points

QUESTION 14

Which of the following processes is completed in rough endoplasmic reticulum?

	1.	Chaperones help misfolded proteins fold correctly.
	2.	Proteins that target to nucleus are synthesized in rough endoplasmic reticulum.
	3.	O-linked glycosylation occurs in rough endoplasmic reticulum.
	4.	Misfolded proteins are destructed in rough endoplamic reticulum.

2.5 points

QUESTION 15

Kinesin is the motor protein that coorporates with microtubules. It has the following functions:

	1.	It uses GTP as energy source.
	2.	It can hydrolyze ATP and use the energy to drive cargo along microtubules from minus end to plus end.
	3.	It has a globular head that can act as GTPase
	4.	The tail of kinesin is more diverse and binds to cargo

2.5 points

QUESTION 16

For correct segregation and trafficking, lysosomal proteins are tagged in the cis-Golgi with phosphorylated mannose residues, and then the tagged lysosomal enzymes are recruited to clathrin coated vesicles by mannose 6-phosphate receptors.

True

False

2.5 points

QUESTION 17

The process that specialized cells, such macrophages, engulf relatively large particles is:

	1.	Called pinocytosis
	2.	Called phagocytosis
	3.	Mediated by COP-II coated vesicles
	4.	Called autophagy

2.5 points

QUESTION 18

Proteins synthesized on rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are imported co-translationally to their destinations

True

False

2.5 points

QUESTION 19

Treatment of cells with a drug that promotes microtubule disassembly disperses Golgi complex into separate stacks of membrane compartments, suggesting that:

	1.	Golgi complex is made of microtubules.
	2.	Microtubules are important for the organization of Golgi complex.
	3.	Microtubules are transported into Golgi complex
	4.	Golgi complex is composed of tubulin proteins

2.5 points

QUESTION 20

Which of the following is correct about signal sequence of a secretory protein?

	1.	It is an âaddress codesâ for protein trafficking pathways
	2.	It is usually located at the C-terminus.
	3.	It targets the ribosome and the protein that is being synthesized to endoplasmic reticulum.
	4.	It is removed in Golgi complex.

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BIOLOGY 2B03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Dynamin, Lysosome, Secretion

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