BIOLOGY 2B03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Unfolded Protein Response, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus, Disulfide

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27 Apr 2016

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Site of fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and where calcium is kept to regulate [calcium] in cytosol. Site of modification and formation of vesicles (transport proteins from golgi) transport, Modifications to proteins in er lumen: entire protein is modified. Modifications to proteins in er membrane: only lumen side modified: glycosylation, protein folding. Protein n-linked glycosylation: disulphide bond formation, proteolytic cleavage. Common for proteins secreted from cell or embedded in the membrane / proteins involved with cellular interactions with extracellular matric and receptor-ligand recognition. Proteins that assist in protein folding are located in the er. Lectin family: recognize modified proteins and assist in folding, similar to chaperones. Bip recognize and bind to unfolded proteins: bip + co-chaperons (hsp40 and nef, nucleotide exchange factor) work together to fold proteins in er. Bip also helps proteins enter er by binding to the protein in the lumen, once it passes through the translocon. Bip also initiates unfolded protein response in er.

Related Questions

1. The histones that form the core of the nucleosome get into the nucleus by which of the following?

a) Passive diffusion through nuclear pores

b) Selective and facilitated active transport through nuclear pores

c) Ribosomes located in the nucleus synthetize histones in the nucleus

d) Histones are made at the ER membrane and then diffuse to the nucleus

2. Membrane proteins that belong to the golgi, lysosome, or plasma membrane first pass through which organelle before reaching their final subcellular destination?

a) The golgi apparatus

b) The smooth ER

c) The nucleus

d) The ER membrane

e) The ER lumen

3. Where in the cell would a ribosomal protein be located if it has had its nuclear export signal inactivated (non-functional or non-existent).

a) The protein would be found in the ER lumen

b) The protein would remain in the nucleus

c) The protein would be secreted

d) The protein would remain in the cytoplasm

e) The protein would be in the ER membrane

4. Where would be the final destination of a protein if it contained a NLS anywhere in the protein sequence (and which is exposed to the cytoplasm after protein folding) but also contained an ER signal sequence at the carboxy terminus?

a) The ER lumen

b) The nucleus

c) The cytoplasm

d) The inner nuclear membrane

e) The ER membrane

5. The sequence K-D-E-L serves as a retention/retrieval signal for ER proteins.

a) True

b) False

6. The following are true for both cell membrane proteins and secretory proteins EXCEPT?

a) Precursors of the mature proteins contain signal sequence.

b) Both types of proteins contain stop-transfer sequences

c) Both types of proteins enter the ER while being synthetized

d) Both types of proteins pas through the golgi apparatus

e) Both are carried by clatherin-coated vesicles

7. If you isolate a regulated secreted protein from a secretory/storage vesicle and inject it into the cytosol, is will?

a) Be secreted through channels in the plasma membrane

b) Be taken up into secretory vesicle and secreted

c) Remain in the cytosol until it is degraded

d) Be taken up into the rough ER and follow the secretory pathway

goldmanatee250

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

False

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Question 411 pts

When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.

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Question 421 pts

Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.

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Question 431 pts

Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.

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Question 441 pts

Organic molecules have a core composed of .

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Question 451 pts

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

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Question 461 pts

Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .

active transport

cell fate

facilitated diffusion

osmosis

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Question 471 pts

Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

phospholipids

transmembrane channel proteins

cell surface proteins

carbohydrate chains

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Question 481 pts

The simplest cells are .

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Question 491 pts

Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:

nucleus

organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells

mitochondria

chloroplasts

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Question 501 pts

Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.

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Question 511 pts

Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.

ribosomes

golgi bodies (golgi apparatus)

nucleus

mitochondria

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Question 521 pts

Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?

Oxygen is consumed.

A water molecule is removed from the molecules.

A water molecule is added to the molecules

Carbon dioxide is given off.

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Question 531 pts

Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.

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Question 541 pts

Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?

NH2

R Group or functional group

COOH

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Question 551 pts

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.

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Question 561 pts

How do DNA and RNA differ?

all statements are differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.

They have different sugars.

Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA.

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Question 571 pts

Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?

phosphate

a nitrogen containing base

All are components of a nucleotide.

5-carbon sugar

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Question 581 pts

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

transmembrane proteins

carbohydrate chains

phospholipids

cell surface proteins

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Question 591 pts

Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.

chloroplasts and mitochondria

golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes and nucleolus

peroxisomes and lysosomes

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Question 601 pts

The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

nucleolus

mitochondria

sangriarat617

Value: 1

Anabolic pathways of metabolism are pathways that:

a. build complex molecules from simple ones.

b. release stored chemical energy.

c. take place primarily in skeletal muscle

d. make large quantities of ATP.

Value: 2

The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell is referred to as _______________.

Value: 3

Organisms that derive both their energy and carbon from organic compounds are:

a. photoautotrophs.

b. chemoautotrophs.

c. chemoheterotrophs.

d. photoheterotrophs

Value: 4

It is often stated that the phosphate bonds in ATP are "high energy," but in fact, they are not notably high in energy. Rather, they are easy to break, and the âG of hydrolysis is a "useful" quantity of energy. What makes the phosphate bonds easy to break?

a. They are close to the destabilizing nitrogenous base adenosine

b. Positive charges on amino groups repel each other.

c. Negative charges on phosphate groups repel each other

d. High acidity attacks bonds between amino acids.

Value: 5

Which of the following describes ATP hydrolysis? Select all that apply

[mark all correct answers]
a. exergonic

b. spontaneous

c. often coupled to a reaction that has a positive ÎG

Value: 6

Which of the following describes catabolic reactions?

a. They are endergonic and have a negative change in free energy

b. They are exergonic and have a negative change in free energy

c. They are exergonic and have a positive change in free energy.

d. They are endergonic and have a positive change in free energy.

Value: 7

Why are cells not infinitely big?

a. Because they wouldn't fit in an organism

b. Because they would have a small surface area:volume ratio and substances would diffuse in and out too slowly

c. Because they would have a large surface area to volume ratio and substances would diffuse in and out too quickly

Value: 9

How is organelle movement around cells controlled?

a. the nucleus directs the movement of organelles in a cell

b. the cytoskeleton is like a monorail that moves organelles in a cell via motor proteins

c. organelles do not move, they have a fixed position in the cell

d. organelles move by facilitated diffusion in the cell

Value: 10

1. Prokaryotic cells lack:

a. a. A nucleus

b. organelles

c. cell membrane

d. DNA

e. A and B

Value: 11

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)

a. a. Makes cell membranes

b. has ribosomes attached

c. are a site of protein synthesis

d. all of the above

Value: 12

Match the items.

The task is to match the lettered items with the correct numbered items. Appearing below is a list of lettered items. Following that is a list of numbered items. Each numbered item is followed by a drop-down. Select the letter in the drop down that best matches the numbered item with the lettered alternatives.

a. help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles.
b. Takes in molecules in transport vesicles, modifies them, and sends them back out in vesicles
c. makes sugar
d. makes ATP
e. assembles the ribosomes
f. gives the cell structure
g. move material around the cell

1. vesicles	a b c d e f g
2. cytoskeleton	a b c d e f g
3. the golgi apparatus	a b c d e f g
4. lysosomes	a b c d e f g
5. mitochondrion	a b c d e f g
6. chloroplast	a b c d e f g
7. nucleolus

BIOLOGY 2B03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Unfolded Protein Response, Vesicular Stomatitis Virus, Disulfide

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