CHEM 1A03 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Strong Electrolyte, Nonmetal, Octanol

• School: McMaster University
• Department: Chemistry
• Course: CHEM 1A03
• Professor: Jeff Landry

Document Summary

Why water is important: only non-metal that expands when freezing, high heat capacity, universal solvent. Hydrogen bonding: leads to all of water"s unique properties. Is an extreme dipole moment in the molecules. Is the strongest intermolecular force among electrically neutral molecules: positive hydrogen atoms are attracted to lone e- pairs on neighbouring molecules, water can form 4 h-bonds per molecule. Lone e- and h atoms attract to different ions. Ions carry electrical charge in a solution: electrolytes are solutes that produce these ions, strong electrolyte dissolves completely into ions in water, induce high currents, ex. Nacl: more moles also means a stronger electrolyte, weak electrolytes do not completely dissociate in water, less electricity can be carried through, ex. acetic acid (vinegar, non-electrolytes are molecules that don"t break apart in water. Activity: represented by a, assume solutions have ideal behaviours, example. Independent of concentration: dependent on factors like ph, temperature, and pressure.