HTHSCI 1LL3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Valine, Methionine, Threonine
12 May 2016
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Quaternary (only some have this): multiple sub-units how they are situated with respect to each other (ex. 2 alpha and 2 beta: 4 separate molecules that interact each other in order to form ex. hemoglobin. Each one of the amino acids has a common/ similar structure. The alpha ( ) carbon is substituted with an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a hydrogen and an individual side chain (r: called an alpha carbon because it"s the first group that"s next to the most oxidized carbon. The chemical properties of the side chains of its amino acids determine how a protein can interact with other molecules. At physiological ph amino acids exist as zwitterions , where both the amino and carboxylic acid groups are charged: one is negative and one is positive; therefore, they cancel each other out (neutral) At low ph, you will see the h on the carboxylic group but, loses it at a ph of approximately 2.
