HTHSCI 2HH3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Gram Staining, Arterial Blood Gas, Bacilli
23 Apr 2016
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Document Summary
Brief review of respiratory system anatomy: upper versus lower respiratory tract. Upper respiratory infections are generally viral and are about managing symptoms. Discuss common types of respiratory tract infections and the clinical syndromes they produce: upper respiratory tract infections, bacterial pneumonia, viral pneumonia, mycobacterium tuberculosis, pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. Typically when someone who is healthy develops community acquired pneumonia, it is because of a change in host factors. Ex: alcoholism we all microaspirate when we sleep, but under normal circumstances the cough reflex clears it. With alcoholism, the cough reflex is suppressed and they don"t cough out the normal flora they have aspirated and it lands in lower respiratory tract. If they are colonized with s. pneumoniae, they will develop pneumonia. Viral respiratory illness weakens host defenses which makes them vulnerable to micro-aspirated pathogens. Viral illnesses also facilitate adhesion of bacteria to respiratory tract.
