KINESIOL 1AA3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Lung Volumes, Internal Intercostal Muscles, Pleural Cavity

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14 Sep 2016

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23. 1 functions of the respiratory system ventilation: movement of air into and out of lungs. External respiration: gas exchange between air in lungs and blood. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood. Internal respiration: gas exchange between the blood and tissues. Respiratory system functions: regulation of blood ph: altered by changing blood co2 cellular metabolism. Maintaining set lvel of co2 in blood, reflects cellular metabolism. If for some reason metabolism is elevated co2 levels increase which results in reduction in ph of blood: production of chemical mediators: ace: angiotensin converting enzyme increases bp. Protein activated by enzyme made by lungs, when activated protein stimulates kidneys to uptake water and sodium and put it into cv system. Effect of the enzyme is to activate protein that will increase bp (force exerted by molecules against internal walls of cv system) Increased # of molecules increased force increased bp: voice production: movement of air past vocal folds make sound and speech.

Related Questions

True of False: Freshwater environments have a higher concentration of oxygen than saltwater environments.

QUESTION 2 If the difference in partial pressure of gas on either side of the barrier to diffusion is 0, which of these events will occur?

The area for gas exchange will increase to accommodate this similarity.

The constant for diffusion will decrease.

The rate of diffusion will be 0.

The distance thickness of the barrier to diffusion will also be 0.

QUESTION 3 On the x-axis of the oxygenâhemoglobin equilibrium curve is the partial pressure of oxygen in tissues. Which type of blood is most likely to be represented by the right-hand side of the axis? (Hint: the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium curve is figure 45.14 in your book on pg 913)

blood found in the left ventricle

blood found in the right atrium

blood found in the superior vena cava

blood found in the inferior vena cava

QUESTION 4 Which of these is an example of pulmonary circulation?

Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Blood is pumped from the left ventricle to the aorta.

Blood is pumped from the aorta to the cardiac vein.

Blood is pumped from the inferior vena cava to the right atrium.

QUESTION 5 O2 will diffuse from blood to tissue faster in response to which of the following conditions?

an increase in the PO2 of the tissue

a decrease in the PO2 of the tissue

an increase in the thickness of the capillary wall

a decrease in the surface area of the capillary

QUESTION 6 Which of the following promotes oxygen release from hemoglobin?

a decrease in temperature

a decrease in carbon dioxide levels

a decrease in pH

a decrease in carbonic anhydrase

QUESTION 7 How does the medulla oblongata sense the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood?

A. Carbonic anhydrase produced by cells performing cellular respiration is exported and travels though the blood, and binds to a receptor on the medullary respiratory center, which causes a signal amplification resulting in a change in gene expression which results in the production of proteins that will cause the diaphragm to contract

B. CO2 produced by cells performing cellular respiration reacts with blood plasma for form an acid, which increases the pH of the blood, which causes the medullary respiratory center to contract the diaphragm

C. CO2 produced by cells performing cellular respiration reacts with blood plasma for form an acid, which decreases the pH of the blood, which causes the medullary respiratory center to contract the diaphragm

D. A and B

E. A and C

QUESTION 8 Which of the following parts of the lung are considered "dead space"? A. The alveoli B. The trachea C. The bronchi D. B and C E. All of the above

QUESTION 9 Which of the following blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

arteries

arterioles

capillaries

venules

veins

QUESTION 10 How does the interstitial fluid return to the bloodstream?

A. Interstitial fluid flows into the capillary where the osmotic pressure driving fluid into the bloodstream is greater than the blood pressure driving fluid out of the blood

B. Interstitial fluid flows into the capillary where the blood pressure driving fluid into the bloodstream is greater than the osmotic pressure driving fluid out of the blood

C. Interstitial fluid leaves the tissue via lymphatic ducts and travels through the lymphatic system, which returns the fluid to the veins. D. A and C

E. B and C

QUESTION 11 True or False: When an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) shows a flat line (aka asystole), medical personnel will restart the heart using a defibrillator.

azureprairie-dog128

QUESTION 1

Cellular respiration uses________to produce energy and releases ________as a waste product.

		O₂; CO₂
		CO₂; O₂
		ATP; G3P
		G3P; ATP

5 points

QUESTION 2

Select all of the following that compose the conducting pathways in the respiratory system.

		nasal cavity
		Pharynx
		Larynx
		Trachea
		Bronchi
		Alveoli

5 points

QUESTION 3

Match each structure with its' function.

- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Nasal Cavity
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Alveoli
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Larynx
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Trachea
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Bronchi
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Bronchioles
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G.	Pharynx

A.	Throat
B.	Very small branches of bronchi within the lungs.
C.	Larger branching passages for air within the lungs.
D.	Location of gas exchange with the blood.
E.	Carries air from larynx and branches into bronchi.
F.	Location of the voice box, earliest location where only air passes.
G.	Carry air into the pharynx, earliest location of cleaning, warming, and humidifying the air.

8 points

QUESTION 4

Mammals are able to inhale because increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity will decrease the pressure within the lungs. This is called_____

		pump-controlled breathing
		forced inflation breathing
		negative-pressure breathing
		stretch breathing

6 points

QUESTION 5

Indentify which muscles are primarily responsible for quiet (normal, relaxed) inspiration?

		diaphragm
		internal intercostals
		sclaenes
		abdominal muscles

coffeepig115

QUESTION 11 The following is the respiratory component of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system: a. Carbon Dioxide b. Carbonic Acid c. Water d. Bicarbonate e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 12 The following is the metabolic component of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system: a. Carbon Dioxide b. Carbonic Acid c. Water d. Bicarbonate e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 13 The following is an acidic gas waste byproduct of cellular metabolism: a. Carbon Dioxide b. Carbonic Acid c. Water d. Bicarbonate e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 14 The following is a strong base: a. Carbon Dioxide b. Carbonic Acid c. Water d. Bicarbonate e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 15 Blood level of the following is regulated by the kidney: a. Carbon Dioxide b. Carbonic Acid c. Water d. Bicarbonate e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 16 The following is a strong acid which may breakdown into hydrogen and bicarbonate: a. Carbon Dioxide b. Carbonic Acid c. Water d. Bicarbonate e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 17 Elevation of the following in the blood leads to respiratory acidosis: a. Carbon Dioxide b. Carbonic Acid c. Water d. Bicarbonate e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 18 Elevation of the following in the blood leads to metabolic alkalosis: a. Carbon Dioxide b. Carbonic Acid c. Water d. Bicarbonate e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 19 Decrease of the following in the blood leads to respiratory alkalosis: a. Carbon Dioxide b. Carbonic Acid c. Water d. Bicarbonate e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 20 Decrease of the following in the blood leads to metabolic acidosis: a. Carbon Dioxide b. Carbonic Acid c. Water d. Bicarbonate e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 21 The following enzyme is utilized in the carbonic acid/bicarbonate buffer system: a. Maltase b. Lactase c. Carbonic Anhydrase d. ATPase e. Sucrase 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 22 Hyperventilation may lead to the following: a. Respiratory Acidosis b. Respiratory Alkalosis c. Metabolic Acidosis d. Metabolic Alkalosis e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 23 Hypoventilation may lead to the following: a. Respiratory Acidosis b. Respiratory Alkalosis c. Metabolic Acidosis d. Metabolic Alkalosis e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 24 Hyperkalemia (elevated blood potassium) may lead to the following: a. Respiratory Acidosis b. Respiratory Alkalosis c. Metabolic Acidosis d. Metabolic Alkalosis e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 25 Hypokalemia (decrease blood potassium) may lead to the following: a. Respiratory Acidosis b. Respiratory Alkalosis c. Metabolic Acidosis d. Metabolic Alkalosis e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 26 Vomiting may lead to the following: a. Respiratory Acidosis b. Respiratory Alkalosis c. Metabolic Acidosis d. Metabolic Alkalosis e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 27 Diarrhea may lead to the following: a. Respiratory Acidosis b. Respiratory Alkalosis c. Metabolic Acidosis d. Metabolic Alkalosis e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 28 Respiratory acidosis is compensated by the following: a. Respiratory Acidosis b. Respiratory Alkalosis c. Metabolic Acidosis d. Metabolic Alkalosis e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 29 Metabolic alkalosis is compensated by the following: a. Respiratory Acidosis b. Respiratory Alkalosis c. Metabolic Acidosis d. Metabolic Alkalosis e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 30 Respiratory alkalosis is compensated by the following: a. Respiratory Acidosis b. Respiratory Alkalosis c. Metabolic Acidosis d. Metabolic Alkalosis e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 31 A 10 year old drowning victim was treated immediately on arrival to the emergency department. His lab results revealed pH = 7.0, CO2 = 60 mmHg and HCO3- = 24 mEq/L. He had the following acid base imbalance: a. Respiratory Acidosis Uncompensated b. Respiratory Acidosis Compensated by Metabolic Alkalosis c. Metabolic Acidosis Uncompensated d. Metabolic Acidosis Compensated by Respiratory Alkalosis e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 32 After treatment the patient in the previous question lab results revealed pH = 7.32, CO2 = 48 mmHg, and HCO3- = 28 mEq/L. He had the following acid base imbalance: a. Respiratory Acidosis Uncompensated b. Respiratory Acidosis Compensated by Metabolic Alkalosis c. Metabolic Acidosis Uncompensated d. Metabolic Acidosis Compensated by Respiratory Alkalosis e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 33 A 20 year old female patient developed a panic attack while in close proximity to a snake. Upon being treated in the emergency department her lab results were pH = 7.59, CO2 = 27 mmHg, and HCO3- = 24 mEq/L. She had the following acid base imbalance: a. Respiratory Alkalosis Uncompensated b. Respiratory Acidosis Compensated by Metabolic Alkalosis c. Metabolic Alkalosis Uncompensated d. Metabolic Acidosis Compensated by Respiratory Alkalosis e. None of the Above 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 34 After treatment the patient in the previous question lab results revealed pH = 7.47, CO2 = 32 mmHg, and HCO3- = 21 mEq/L. He had the following acid base imbalance: a. Respiratory Alkalosis Uncompensated b. Respiratory Alkalosis Compensated by Metabolic Acidosis c. Metabolic Alkalosis Uncompensated d. Metabolic Alkalosis Compensated by Respiratory Acidosis 2 points Save Answer

QUESTION 35 A 55 year old female patient with bacteria pneumonia lab results revealed leukocytosis and pH = 7.0, CO2 = 50 mmHg, and HCO3- = 24 mEq/L. She had the following acid base imbalance: a. Respiratory Acidosis Uncompensated b. Respiratory Acidosis Compensated by Metabolic Alkalosis c. Metabolic Acidosis Uncompensated d. Metabolic Acidosis Compensated by Respiratory Alkalosis e. None of the Above

KINESIOL 1AA3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Lung Volumes, Internal Intercostal Muscles, Pleural Cavity

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