WOMENST 1A03 Lecture : Women's Studies-Mar.14 "Representation, Cultures, Media and Market"

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chocolateyellowjacket590

14 Mar 2012

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Females have become self-surveyors as well as the focus of the male gaze set up as objects of sexual desire: connected to concepts of innocence, and housewife as the guard of the. March 14 morality of the household: archetypal female figures: The madonna: young, pale, mother figure connoting virginal innocence. Appeal to young males: the role of males in females lives, setting up norms of male gender roles, below the love triangle reside other relationships potentials, Fanart: replacing the heterosexual relationships with homosexual relationships between characters, for minority audiences or non- target group audiences. Media takes advantage of homosexual subtexts, using them to market to gay market: madchen in uniform: same sex attraction encoded. Emerging of lesbian identities resulting in new forms of representation, as a cyclical relationship. Film representing female schools as positive, potential for pleasure, vs. sexologists view female school as threatening and negative.

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6. (1 point) Tara lives in an economy where all adults either either work or go to university Those without a university education earn a salary of $40,000 per year. Those with a university education earn a salary of $65,000. University education lasts 3 years. Tuition is $30,000 per year, and Tara has access to interest-free student loans. Assume that Tara is an adult for 10 years. As an economist, give Tara advice on whether she should attend university before working. Bonus Question 1. (1 point) What, if anything, do you expect to happen to the num- ber of men who report having same-sex sexual orientation (or report being in a same-sex relationship or report having same-sex sexual desires) when HIV/AIDS becomes more preva- lent? What, if anything, do you expect to happen to the number of women who report having same-sex sexual orientation or report being in a same-sex relationship or report having same-sex sexual desires) when HIV/AIDS becomes more prevalent? Answer to these questions as an economist. Focus on explaining how and why changes in sexual behavior in response to HIV/AIDS becoming more prevalent might be different for men vs. women. Explanation should be 1-3 sentences. Bonus Question 2. (1 point) Following the murder-kidnapping of 12-year old Polly Klaas in 1993, California and a number of other states in the U.S. have passed so called three- strikes-laws. A three-strikes-law mandates that a person who commits a third criminal act to be jailed for the rest of his/her life without the possibility of parole. Importantly, these three-strikes-laws do not distinguish between more dangerous criminal acts such as murders and bank robberies and less dangerous crimes such as a smoking pot and shoplifting. Instead, anyone who is convicted of three criminal acts in total is to be jailed for the rest of his/her life following the third conviction. The intended effect of implementing such three-strikes-laws was to increase the penalties for crimes of any type in order to deter criminals from committing crimes. However, evidence suggests that the implementation of three-strikes-laws has increased the number of dangerous criminal acts (murders, bank robberies, etc) that have been committed. Why have the three-strikes-laws possibly led to an increase in the number of dangerous criminal acts? Explain (in 1-2 sentences).

On the Edge: A Traditional Business section on page 23 of the Velasquez textbook

In over 28 countries, mostly north African nations, female circumcisionâor female genital mutilation, as its critics call itâis generally accepted.58 Female circumcision is normally per- formed when a girl is between 7 and 12 years old. It involves cutting the girlâs external genitalia. In most countries, the pro- cedure is done by a female âpractitionerâ who uses a small knife or razor blade but no anesthesia. A young girl will often resist, so several women must hold her down while the practi- tioner works. The women who perform circumcisions charge for their services and see their work as a business. It is esti- mated that in countries where the practice is widely accepted, the annual fees collected by all the businesses that provide circumcision services total tens of millions of dollars.
Mothers in these countries feel they must have their daugh- ters circumcised because otherwise no âgoodâ man will marry them. Many believe that circumcision controls a womanâs sex- ual desires and cleanses her spiritually so that others can eat what she cooks. Although the practice is not mentioned in the Koran, many North African Muslims believe that female circum- cision is required by certain sayings they attribute to Muham- mad, the founder of Islam. However, Muslim scholars dispute both the authenticity and the interpretation of these sayings.
Many Americans and Europeans feel strongly that female genital mutilation is an immoral assault on a helpless and unwilling girl, an assault that provides her no medical benefit, risks serious infection, and permanently deprives her of the ability to feel sexual pleasure. They have pressured foreign governments to outlaw the practice and to crack down on the women who make a business of it because they are violating the human rights of thousands of girls.
Practitioners claim that Westerners who w want to prohibit female circumcision are trying to impose their own morality on others. A Somali practitioner said: âThis is a great offence and a great interference with our lives and our lifestyle. For too long Europeans have come into our countries and told us how to live our lives and how to behave and we believe that is totally unac- ceptable. We will not allow foreigners to tell us how to behave or put our businesses at risk any longer. In order for our daugh- ters to be free they must have this procedure. It is their right as women and our obligation as adults to make them into the best young women we can. Circumcision is a fundamental part of becoming a young woman and we will not deny them that because of some misplaced sense of morality from foreigners.â
Phillip Waites, a doctor and medical analyst for a news service noted, âThe core issue here is whether or not Europe- ans have the right to step into another country and demand that they change their traditions and culture.â Remarking on the many practitioners for whom female circumcision is a busi- ness, he said: âThere arenât a whole lot of jobs in Somalia. There really isnât a whole lot of anything in Somalia frankly, and these women have a specialty that not only garners them a good living but also gives them a certain status in the country that they might not otherwise have.â

Is the business of providing female circumcision services morally wrong? Why?

If a practitioner asks for a small business loan from a Western "micro-finance lender" like www.kiva.org (Links to an external site.) would it be wrong for the lender to refuse?

Would it be wrong for the lender to agree? Explain.

Is it wrong for Westerners to pressure North African governments to prevent practitioners from doing female circumcisions?

Does the case support ethical relativism or does it suggest that there are certain things that are wrong no matter what, or neither of these positions?

The following paragraph is an abstract from the article tittled:Ecology of the Lesser Siren, Siren intermedia, in anIsolated Eastern Texas Pond

The Lesser Siren (Siren intermedia) is a fully aquaticsalamander with functionally limited overland dispersal. Details ofthe ecology of this species throughout its geographic range anddiversity of habitats are limited. In this study, I investigatedthe ecology of a presumably isolated population of S.intermedia in eastern Texas. The conservative estimatedpopulation density was 0.33 sirens/m² with a standingcrop biomass of 9.66 g/m². Growth rates averaged 0.022mm/day in total length, slightly slower than other populations.Growth rate was not significantly different between males andfemales, nor was it correlated with size. The diet of the studypopulation included at least 10 different taxa, of which tadpolesand snails (Order Basommatophora) were the most important prey.Like other populations, activity was highest during late winter andearly spring, which coincides with the breeding season. Theabundance of siren captures was weakly influenced by watertemperature but not correlated with precipitation. Bite marks arehypothesized to be a result of siren courtship behavior. Theabundance of males and females captured with fresh bite marks wassignificantly correlated with the number of gravid females. Becausesirens are predatory generalists and represent a significantproportion of biomass in many aquatic environments, it is importantto understand siren ecology throughout its geographic range andbroad use of habitat types.

The following questions are in regards to the study above:

1.How does this article demonstrate scientific research?

2.What was the question posed by the researcher? (either statedor implied)

3.Did the researcher(s) answer the question? What is theevidence from the article?

4.Is this research a piece of a larger research project? How doyou know?

5. Which type of research method and this the projects becategorized under? choose from the following.
Testing ahypothesis, Measuring afunction or relationship, Measuring a value, Constructing a model, Observational/exploratory research,Industrial or appliedresearch

WOMENST 1A03 Lecture : Women's Studies-Mar.14 "Representation, Cultures, Media and Market"

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