PSYO 220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Social Learning Theory, Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning
14 Jan 2019
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Document Summary
Behaviourism: arose in direct opposition to the psychoanalytic emphasis on unconscious, hidden urges. John b. watson (1878 1958) argued that scientists should examine only what they could observe and measure. Ivan pavlov (1849-1936): received the nobel prize in 1904, resulted in discovery of classical conditioning, operant conditioning: In operant conditioning, animals perform some action and then a response occurs. If the response is useful or pleasurable (rewards), the animal is likely to repeat the action. If the response is painful (punishments), the animal is not likely to repeat the action. Is an extension of behaviourism: other people influence each person"s behaviour even without specific reinforcement through observation and imitation of other people (i. e. modelling, vicarious learning), was first described by albert bandura (b. Intellectual advancement occurs throughout one"s life because humans seek cognitive equilibrium that is, a state of mental balance.
