BCHM 102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Ketone Bodies, Cortisol, Exocytosis
2 Dec 2016
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Lecture objectives: describe structure and synthesis of insulin and glucagon, understand the regulation of insulin and glucagon secretion, describe the metabolic effects of insulin and glucagon, understand the mechanism of action of both glucagon and insulin, discuss hypoglycemia. 4 major tissues play a role in energy metabolism. Liver, adipose, muscle and brain tissues (all work together) Each specialize in storage, use or generation of specialized fuels: do not act in isolation. Form a network in which one tissue provides substrates to another. Communication mediated by nervous system, availability of substrates and concentrations of plasma hormones. Integration of energy metabolism is controlled primarily by two peptide hormones. Insulin and glucagon secreted in response to changing substrate (glucose) levels in the blood. Catecholamines play a supporting role: epinephrine and norepinephrine secreted in responds to neural signals. Changes in concentration of these hormones allow body to store energy after eating, or make stored e(cid:374)ergy a(cid:448)aila(cid:271)le duri(cid:374)g fasti(cid:374)g, i(cid:374)jury or (cid:862)fight or flight(cid:863) respo(cid:374)se.
