HIST 250 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Iberian Peninsula, Iranian Plateau, Islamic Calendar
11 Nov 2016
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Document Summary
The rise of islam and the early caliphate. The status quo in the seventh-century near east: byzantine and sassanian empires. The rashidun caliphs and the early conquests: conquest and consolidation, the first and second civil wards. The umayyad caliphate: further conquests, urbanization and conversion, later umayyad"s and the abbasid takeover, assessing the umayyads. 610 - revelation of the qur"an begins. 632-34 - caliphate of abu bakr: expansion within arabia. 634-644 - caliphate of umar i: expansion beyond arabia. 636- defeat byzantines at yarmuk: take syria and palestine. 637 - defeat persians at qadisiyya: take the jazira and iraq. 651 - last sassanian king killed: arabs control iranian plateau. Khalifat rasul allah: succesor to the prophet of god (caliphate) Raids where important to the early peoples of the time, and often they would raid each other which didn"t have a good result in the end as they would just raid back in forth.
