LING 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 6: Bound And Unbound Morphemes, Inflection, Grammatical Relation
26 Sep 2018
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Document Summary
Inflectional morphemes and functional categories both mark grammatical functions and relations. They are essentially the same, except that inflectional morphemes are bound. Important: how individual functions and relations are marked (inflectional morpheme or word) varies across language. Overview: some common: tense: anchors the event in time. English: past: -ed (bound, suffix, present: , future: will (free, example: the children laugh-ed. Swahili: past: li- (bound, prefix, present: , past: ta- (bound, prefix, example: watoto wa-li-cheka, children 3pl-past-laugh (the) children laughed, sentence negation: negates events. English: negation: not (free, example: the children did not leave. Turkish: negation: -me (bound, suffix, example: ocuklar goz-me-di-ler, children laugh-neg-past-3pl (the) children didn"t laugh, aspect: signals viewpoint perspective for events. Progressive aspect = continuing or ongoing: alice is building a canoe. Perfect aspect = completed or finished: alice has built a canoe. English: progressive: be (free, perfect, modality: signals modalities (worlds) in which events take place.
