CRM 101 Lecture : CRM 101 - Boundaries of Criminology and Criminal Law

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pearsquirrel474

12 Oct 2011

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Crm 101: boundaries of criminology and criminal law. There is no single response, they are constantly changing and shifting on what w e believe a crime is. Certain types of crimes can be justified, ex. killing is a crime yet it is allow ed in war. Boundaries of this definition have changed over time and space. Important in helping shape our understanding of and reaction to criminal acts an d actors. Customary ways of doing everyday things are governed by norms. More serious deviant behaviour is governed by laws. There is a continuum of crime and deviance. Laws represent the agreement of most the people in society that certain acts should be prohibited in criminal law. Laws are passed by the powerful in order to maintain their privledged po sition by keeping the common people under control. Use of politicial, economic, educational influence to raise awareness about an i ssue. Most people learn about crime throught the media.

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We are going through a time of profound change in our understanding of the ethics of applied social research. From the time immediately after World War II until the early 1990s, there was a gradually developing consensus about the key ethical principles that should underlie the research endeavor. Two marker events stand out (among many others) as symbolic of this consensus. The Nuremberg War Crimes Trial following World War II brought to public view the ways German scientists had used captive human subjects as subjects in oftentimes gruesome experiments. In the 1950s and 1960s, the Tuskegee Syphilis Study involved the withholding of known effective treatment for syphilis from African-American participants who were infected. Events like these forced the reexamination of ethical standards and the gradual development of a consensus that potential human subjects needed to be protected from being used as 'guinea pigs' in scientific research.â http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/ethics.php

After reading the above paragraph answer the following question:

What is Ethics in Research & Why is it Important?

goldpig508

6. (1 point) Tara lives in an economy where all adults either either work or go to university Those without a university education earn a salary of $40,000 per year. Those with a university education earn a salary of $65,000. University education lasts 3 years. Tuition is $30,000 per year, and Tara has access to interest-free student loans. Assume that Tara is an adult for 10 years. As an economist, give Tara advice on whether she should attend university before working. Bonus Question 1. (1 point) What, if anything, do you expect to happen to the num- ber of men who report having same-sex sexual orientation (or report being in a same-sex relationship or report having same-sex sexual desires) when HIV/AIDS becomes more preva- lent? What, if anything, do you expect to happen to the number of women who report having same-sex sexual orientation or report being in a same-sex relationship or report having same-sex sexual desires) when HIV/AIDS becomes more prevalent? Answer to these questions as an economist. Focus on explaining how and why changes in sexual behavior in response to HIV/AIDS becoming more prevalent might be different for men vs. women. Explanation should be 1-3 sentences. Bonus Question 2. (1 point) Following the murder-kidnapping of 12-year old Polly Klaas in 1993, California and a number of other states in the U.S. have passed so called three- strikes-laws. A three-strikes-law mandates that a person who commits a third criminal act to be jailed for the rest of his/her life without the possibility of parole. Importantly, these three-strikes-laws do not distinguish between more dangerous criminal acts such as murders and bank robberies and less dangerous crimes such as a smoking pot and shoplifting. Instead, anyone who is convicted of three criminal acts in total is to be jailed for the rest of his/her life following the third conviction. The intended effect of implementing such three-strikes-laws was to increase the penalties for crimes of any type in order to deter criminals from committing crimes. However, evidence suggests that the implementation of three-strikes-laws has increased the number of dangerous criminal acts (murders, bank robberies, etc) that have been committed. Why have the three-strikes-laws possibly led to an increase in the number of dangerous criminal acts? Explain (in 1-2 sentences).

Can you answered this question with two paragraphs. Thank you.

1. âLawyers are ordinarily prohibited from disclosing confidential client information. This attorney-client privilege is designed to permit candor between a client and their counsel. There are exceptions, however, such as when a lawyer is advised or believes a client is about to commit a crime. Still, in the corporate setting, it is rare for a lawyer to call out a client corporation. What responsibility should a corporation's lawyer have to blow-the-whistle when corporations are behaving illegally? What about the behavior of a specific officer or director? Does the fact that corporations really are not people, but are comprised of people with certain duties and roles, make any difference?

2. It is a well-established principle that corporate officers and directors have a fiduciary duty to the corporation and it's shareholders, even when it is contrary to the interests of other stakeholders (including creditors and other individuals or businesses the corporation regularly deals with). What obligations, if any, should corporate directors and officers have to third parties? What should directors and officers do when the interests of the corporation, shareholders, and creditors diverge (such as an insolvency situation)?

3. The questions of whether and who should be responsible for crimes committed by corporations are complicated and controversial. Corporate wrongdoers can be held criminally accountable under federal law and receive substantial penalties, but "white-collar" prosecutions are rare. Should corporate wrongdoers face criminal sanctions? Should the federal government vigorously enforce such laws? What effectives, if any, might this have on business in the future?

CRM 101 Lecture : CRM 101 - Boundaries of Criminology and Criminal Law

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