AFA 500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Defined Contribution Plan, Pension, Discounted Cash Flow

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Pension plans are typically formal agreements and part of contractual terms of employment. Pensions may also be represented by constructive obligations, based on informal practice. Informal practice gives rise to a constructive obligation when the company has no realistic choice but to pay employee benefits because of reputation or competitive forces. There are two general types of pension plans: defined contribution plans, and, defined benefit plans. A defined contribution plan is one in which the employer makes agreed-upon (or defined) cash contributions to the plan each period, which are invested by a trustee on behalf of the employee. The employer has no legal or constructive liability to pay further contributions. The employee accepts both actuarial risk (benefits will be less than expected) and investment risk (assets invested will not completely fund the expected pension. ) A defined benefit plan is one in which the eventual benefits to the employee are stated in the pension plan.

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