PSY 308 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Collective Intelligence, Crowdsourcing, Gallows

• School: Ryerson University
• Department: Psychology
• Course: PSY 308
• Professor: Jonathan Wilbiks

Document Summary

A problem is defined as a state where there is a gap or barrier between where the problem solver is and where he or she wants to be. Problems have different parts, and problem-solving occurs in stages. There are many ways to increase the success of problem-solving that involve increasing alternatives generated to solve the problem and using multiple ways to understand the problem. Newell & simon (1972) have conceptualized all problems as consisting of parts or components: An initial state, a goal state, and solution paths that link the initial state to the goal state. A problem is solved when the problem solver can find paths from the initial state to the goal state. Problem space all combinations from initial state to goal state. Givens things that are obvious like don"t do illegal things. Most real-life problems occur in a context, where a single occurrence or sequence of events creates a problem, sometimes called a situation.