BISC 101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Astrocyte, Sodium-Potassium Alloy, Long-Term Potentiation
2 Nov 2016
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Document Summary
Adaptive immunity (slower, vast receptors) in vertebrates and others. Innate immunity: non-specific mechanisms providing rapid initial response to a pathogen. Immune response is the same regardless of whether pathogens has been encountered previously. Contains barrier defences (skin, mucus membrane, toxin secretion) Innate immunity - second, deal with pathogen if it breaches barrier defences and enters the body. Animals must be able to tell foreign pathogens from own tissues - molecular recognition (specific receptors) Uses toll or toll-like receptors - immune cells that uses a number of receptors to detect chemicals that do not occur in animal cells. Recognition - leads to range of responses such as encapsulation, expression of antimicrobial proteins, local inflammation, fever. Presence of pathogen --> molecular recognition via toll-like receptors--> hemocytes (blood cells): melanotic encapsulation/phagocytosis/anti-microbial proteins. Phagocytosis/cellular digestion: toxins are swallowed via endocytosis, digested by lysosome, and excreted via exocytosis. Phagocytic cells: natural killer cell, dendritic cells, neutrophil, macrophage.
