CHEM 121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 30: Valence Bond Theory, Trigonal Planar Molecular Geometry, Orbital Hybridisation

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Chem121 - lecture 30 - hybridization and shortfalls of the le bonding theory. Pcl5: each cl has four pairs of electrons, three lone pairs and one pair shared with phosphorus. Therefore require four equivalent orbitals on cl to hold the four pairs of electrons. 12 valence electrons three vsepr pairs around carbon => trigonal planar arrangement around each carbon valence bond: sp2 hybridization for three atomic orbitals in the trigonal planar arrangement . 2s carbon orbitals in ethylene isolated carbon atom. Note: the sp2 hybrid orbital has a higher energy than 2s, but slightly lower than 2p. So having one electron in each orbital is favourable. Sigma bond formation: direct overlap of two atomic orbitals (hybridized or unhybridized) that results in a shared pair of electrons. Ethylene has five sigma bonds (4 c-h and 1 c-c) Pi bond formation: overlap of parallel unhybridized p-orbitals resulting in a shared pair of electron.

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