CRIM 220 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Deductive Reasoning, Operationalization, Inductive Reasoning
31 Oct 2016
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Lecture 1: scientific inquiry + foundations of soci al science research. Majority of knowledge is based on agreement reality. 2 important sources: tradition born into the culture of accepted knowledge tested some theories, accepted by the greater majority saves time on testing the hypotheses. Co(cid:374)sider the sour(cid:272)e of the i(cid:374)for(cid:373)atio(cid:374) (cid:271)ut the (cid:858)e(cid:454)perts(cid:859) (cid:272)a(cid:374) (cid:271)e (cid:449)ro(cid:374)g (cid:862)(cid:373)ore likel(cid:455) to (cid:271)elie(cid:448)e a judge(cid:863) Assuming that a few events are evidence of a general pattern. Noticing events that supports our beliefs and ignoring others. Has to do what is and why. There are always exceptions to the typical patterns (outliers) Inferences about social regularities are based on probabilities. Identified pattern does not have to include 100% of the cases. Operationalization: specification of the steps, procedures, operations to identify and measure variables. Observation: look at the world systematically and gather data. Conceptualization: scientists use theory to develop research questions that can be examined through observations.
