MBB 222 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Valence Bond Theory, Molecular Orbital Theory, Valence Electron

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Valence bond theory and orbital hybridization provide a good approximation of the behavior of bonding, but they are an approximation. For a better approximation, use molecular orbital theory. Much more difficult to calculate and interpret, gives a better approximation, but still an approximation. *for this course, hybrid orbitals and valence bond theory is a sufficiently good approximation. A carbon atom has a total of six electrons: two non-bonding electrons fill its 1s orbital; 4 valence electrons are distributed in four orbitals at the 2nd energy level. These four orbitals are hybridized to generate four sp3 orbitals, each occupied by one valence electron. Single bonds in carbon: sp3 hybridization, e. g. methane, ch4. Hydrocarbons are compounds of carbon and hydrogen only. It is the major component of natural gas. The 4 c-h single bonds are identical. The angle between these bonds is 109. 5 degrees. The bond between the sp2 orbitals is strongest.

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