PHIL 105 Lecture 20: Lecture 20
16 Mar 2016
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Sometimes, scientists cannot assign people randomly to each group. This can be for ethical or for practical reasons. Then, the experimental group is chosen by self-selection . Scientists dont decide who is a control and who isn"t- people themselves do. You should try to make the two groups as similar as possible. For example, in this case, controlling their diet and their exercise. A counterexample would be an a that is not a b. It ignores that the cause may be a partial one. example: falling from ve stories up causes dying, even if sometimes someone survives. If all things with e have c, then c cause e ( in p). This is incorrect. kidneys, it does not follow that having kidneys causes having lung cancer. example: all things that have lung cancer are things that have. Both these errors arise form failing to note that general causal claims are supported by correlations.
