PSYC 389 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Clark L. Hull, Drive Theory, Human Nature
25 Jan 2019
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Psychology 389 Lecture notes
Chapter 4 – Lecture 3
INTRODUCTION
➤ Biological needs, physiological systems, motivational states, and behaviour act in concert to achieve stable biological regulation.
NEEDS
(Needs differ in how they direct attention and behaviour >>> all needs energize different behaviour for food you will
prob. feel energize the exert away)
➤ A condition that is essential and necessary for growth, wellbeing, and life.
• food water shelter... are basic needs so we will be healthy
• we have enough time to socialize .. if not>> our health is at risk
➤ Physiological and psychological needs are easily distinguished
➤ Bodily needs vs. mental health
➤ Psychological and implicit needs are (sometimes) difficult to distinguish
➤ Human nature vs. personal experience
➤ Deficiency Needs
➤ Emergency-like changes in behaviour
➤ Growth Needs
➤ More subtle shifts in behaviour
➤ Deficiency Needs
➤ Urgency-laden emotions: anxiety, frustration, pain, stress, relief
➤ Growth Needs
➤ Position emotions: interest, enjoyment, hope, vitality
FUNDAMENTALS OF REGULATION
➤ Clark Hull - Drive Theory
➤ Drive - Psychological discomfort as a result of biological deficits
➤ Drive energizes and directs behaviours that are capable of servicing bodily needs
>>if bio need continue to dissatisfy.... physiological needs create psychological drive<<
Physiological Need:
➤ Describes a deficient biological condition
➤ E.g. Lack of Water
➤ Ranges from mild to life threatening
➤ E.g. A few hours without water vs. death from dehydration
➤ If left unsatisfied, death will occur
➤ Psychological Drive
➤ Byproduct of physiological need
➤ Motivates behaviour
➤ E.g. dehydration (physiological need) leads to thirst (psychological drive) which leads to water
consumption (motivated behaviour)
➤ Homeostasis
➤ Despite being exposed to fluctuating environments, the body maintains an internal balance
➤ E.g. temperature, blood sugar, etc.
➤ Largely due to our motivation to take action when our system has been displaced
➤ Negative Feedback
➤ System Variable
➤ E.g. Temperature
➤ Set Point
➤ E.g. Ideal Temperature
➤ Detector
➤ E.g. Thermostat
➤ Correctional Mechanism
➤ E.g. Electric heater
➤ Multiple Inputs / Multiple Outputs
➤ Our drive can be the result of multiple factors (inputs)
➤ E.g. Thirst can result from sweating, salty food, drinking too much coffee or alcohol, etc.
➤ Our drive can be reduced by many behaviours (outputs)
➤ E.g. A drink of water, eating fruit, IV, etc.
➤ Intraorganismic Mechanisms
➤ Biological regulatory systems that activate, maintain, and terminate the biological needs underlying our drive(s)
Document Summary
Biological needs, physiological systems, motivational states, and behaviour act in concert to achieve stable biological regulation. Needs (needs differ in how they direct attention and behaviour >>> all needs energize different behaviour for food you will prob. feel energize the exert away) A condition that is essential and necessary for growth, wellbeing, and life. food water shelter are basic needs so we will be healthy we have enough time to socialize if not>> our health is at risk. Physiological and psychological needs are easily distinguished. Psychological and implicit needs are (sometimes) difficult to distinguish. Urgency-laden emotions: anxiety, frustration, pain, stress, relief. Drive - psychological discomfort as a result of biological deficits. Drive energizes and directs behaviours that are capable of servicing bodily needs. >>if bio need continue to dissatisfy physiological needs create psychological drive<< A few hours without water vs. death from dehydration. E. g. dehydration (physiological need) leads to thirst (psychological drive) which leads to water consumption (motivated behaviour)
