BIOL108 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Lyme Disease, Spirochaete, Ecological Relationship

• School: University of Alberta
• Department: Biology (Biological Sciences)
• Course: BIOL108
• Professor: Lien Luong

Document Summary

Very diverse- 5000 species in one gram of soil. Symbiotic relationships: members of two species live in close, often obligatory, contact with each other the larger one is the host cell the prokaryote becomes the symbiont. Endosymbiotic: inside the host cell (intracellular) / outside cells (extracellular) in multicellular hosts. Proteobacteria: a large and metabolically diverse group of bacteria: mutualism. E. g. rhizobium (rhizos = root) they live in root nodules of leguminous plants. Makes n2 available to the host plant. Converts nitrogen to ammonia to amino acids, nucleic acids, and other organic molecules. Get carbohydrates from plants in exchange: parasitism. E. g. chlamydias - lives only within animal cells. No peptidoglycan in cell walls; perhaps because they live within other cells. Common human std, can also cause blindness in newborns. E. g. spirochaetes: helical bacteria that swim by spiraling. Causes: syphilis (std) & lyme disease (transmitted by ticks) Clostridium botulinum - causes botulism with the neurotoxin produced by the bacteria: commensalism.