BIOL207 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Phospholipid, Necrosis, Cell Junction
27 May 2018
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September 12, 2013
PEDS 101 – Human Physiology
Chapter 3: Compartmentation – Cells and Tissues
Chapter 3 Overview:
• Compartments (anatomical, fluid, membrane), Membranes (function, constituents) →
intracellular compartment (cytoplasm + nucleus), Tissues (types and function), Tissue
remodeling (apoptosis, stem cells)
Body Compartments:
• 1. Cavities (Fig 3.1 just a peek; anatomical)
- Anatomically, the body is divided into 3 major body cavities: cranial cavity (skull), thoracic
cavity (thorax), and abdominopelvic cavity (Fig 3.1 a). The cavities are separated from one
another (by bones and tissues) and they are lined with tissue membranes.
• 2. Lumens (interior of hollow organ)
- The hollow organs, such as heart, lungs, blood vessels and intestines, create another set of
compartments within the body. The interior of any hollow organ is called its lumen. A lumen
may be wholly or partially filled with air or fluid.
• 3. Fluid compartments (Fig 3.1; functional) → have greatest functional relevance
- intracellular fluid (ICF) within cells
- extracellular fluid (ECF) outside cells
subdivides to:
→ plasma
→ interstitial fluid (fluid portion of blood)
- Most cells external environment is ECF. The dividing wall between ECF and ICF is the cell
membrane.
Cell Membrane Function****:
• 1. Physical isolation
- The cell membrane is a physical barrier that separates ICF inside the cell from the
surrounding ECF.
• 2. Regulate exchange with environment (between cells)
- The cell membrane controls the entry of ions and nutrients into the cell, the elimination of
cellular wastes, and the release of products from the cell.
• 3. Communicate between cell and environment
- The cell membrane contains proteins that enable the cell to recognize and respond to
molecules or to changes in its external environment. Any alteration in the cell membrane
ay affet the ell’s atiities.
• 4. Structural support
- Proteis i the ell erae hold the ytoskeleto, the ell’s iterior strutural
scaffolding, in place to maintain cell shape. Membrane proteins also create specialized
junctions between adjacent cells or between cells and the extracellular matrix.
Membrane characteristics Fig 3.2:
• Mostly lipid and protein (table 3.1)
- Mostly phospholipids arranged in a bilayer so that the phosphate heads are on the
membrane surfaces and the lipid tails are hidden in the center of the membrane. The cell
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Document Summary
Chapter 3 overview: compartments (anatomical, fluid, membrane), membranes (function, constituents) intracellular compartment (cytoplasm + nucleus), tissues (types and function), tissue remodeling (apoptosis, stem cells) Anatomically, the body is divided into 3 major body cavities: cranial cavity (skull), thoracic cavity (thorax), and abdominopelvic cavity (fig 3. 1 a). The cavities are separated from one another (by bones and tissues) and they are lined with tissue membranes: 2. The hollow organs, such as heart, lungs, blood vessels and intestines, create another set of compartments within the body. The interior of any hollow organ is called its lumen. A lumen may be wholly or partially filled with air or fluid: 3. Fluid compartments (fig 3. 1; functional) have greatest functional relevance. Extracellular fluid (ecf) outside cells subdivides to: The dividing wall between ecf and icf is the cell membrane. The cell membrane is a physical barrier that separates icf inside the cell from the surrounding ecf: 2.
