NUTR100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Biological System, Leptin, Weight Loss
13 Jun 2018
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Chapter 7 Part 2
- Energy Expenditure:
o Basal Metabolic rate
▪ Includes basic bodily functions, 60-70% of total energy expenditure
▪ Includes energy necessary for essential life sustaining functions
▪ Measure in the morning
▪ Factors that affect BMR:
• Amount of lean tissue(higher in men than women)
• Height, decreases with age, gender, fasting
• Increases during rapid growthGrowth, including pregnancy and
lactation
• Thyroid hormone(helps maintain metabolic rate)
• Some medications
o Thermic Effect of Food(TEF)
▪ Amount of energy to digest food
• 5-10%
• varies depend on type of nutrients
• high in fat is lower
o Energy cost of physical activity 20-35%, maintain body temp, deposit new tissues
▪ Affected by body size
o Body energy hierarchy of how fuels are used in the body
▪ Protein →carbs →fat
▪ Energy needs met first by protein and carbs
o Estimating Expenditure
▪ Equations to estimate BMR
▪ Total energy expenditure = BMR x Physical Activity Factor
• Activity factor adds the energy required to maintain your activity
level
▪ Calculating EER
• Convert height and weight to kg and m
• NOT TESTED
o Regualtion of Energy Balance
▪ Short termL regulating food intake from meal to meal
• Hunger(internal singals), satiation(caused by food consumption),
appetitie(physiological drive to eat from a learned preference,
▪ Long Term: regulating amount of body fat
o Whether one gains or loses weight:
▪ Affecting Food intake:
• Body systems: hormones, nerves, blood nutrient levels
o Nutrients taken up by brain affect neurotransmitters
o Gut peptides regulate food intake
• Social influences
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