GEOG 1220 Lecture : Water Resources
15 Feb 2012
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Aquifer: porous; layers of sand gravel or bedrock through which groundwater flows in sufficient quantity for withdrawal, ubiquitous (everywhere ground water everywhere) Rates of ground water will vary; ground water is very slow, 1m per year. Can be exhausted depending on management, if extraction exceeds recharge ex: Ogallala aquifer: surface: water: accumulation of liquid water in wetlands, lakes, ponds etc. Created when uppermost zone of groundwater breaks land surface. Forms a natural impoundment, when outlets for water (e. g. streams) are limited: human impact: distribution, efficiency of use. Withdrawal ( w") amount of water extracted from source (surface water or groundwater) Consumption ( c"): amount of water actually used by humans. Water use efficiency = c" w": water quality contamination: 3 categories: physical, chemical, biological: physical contamination: Sediment: erosion of land fills reservoirs and carries chemicals. Heat: use of water to cool industrial plants or clearing or river/stream banks increases water temperatures: chemical contamination:
